By Leeza Filonenko

Please help yourself to the Irish soda bread, HOWEVER… Do not eat any of it until the end, I will let you know when

Time of political tension This tension had been building until 1801 when Ireland became part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Tensions erupted in 1916 with the Easter rising and Proclamation of the Irish Republic

The years between 1870 and 1914 were a time of both “the spreading of both national separatism and countervailing imperialist movements, which often generated clashes between ethnic groups” (Biagini 201).

Michael Davitt and Charles Steward Parnell were popular Irish political figures advocating for home rule of Ireland Home rule- partially autonomous rule of Ireland

Charles Stewart Parnell Protestant Politician Unified Ireland regardless of religion or social status as Irish based on nationalism and independence Denounced by Michael Davitt and Catholic Church for extramarital affair

Symbolism of maroon and green First seen in Dante’s brushes Maroon- Davitt Green – Parnell Maroon represents the government of Ireland Green represents Ireland itself

Seen in Clongowes when teams are white and red roses of York and Lancaster- British roses Stephen thinks about a green rose, and how it does not exist, but maybe somewhere He is talking about a free Ireland, it does not exist equal to England Foreshadows its potential existence

Symbolism of maroon and green Seen in Dante’s dress: mostly maroon with green detail Shows that with the fall of Parnell she is mostly for Davitt, the government, and the Catholic Church and who they deem proper Still supports the idea of an independent Ireland, though it is not her first priority.

Upper class mainly Protestant Catholics were the common people but a few held leadership positions Change in ability to change status- status could be determined by profession and merit rather than hereditary

Stephen’s father’s falls from his position Auctions off his property In the beginning, Stephen refers to his father as a gentleman. Now refers to others as “gentleman” All is not lost for Stephen, can go to school and advance his position by career

“Didn’t the bishops and priests sell the aspirations of this county in 1829 in return for catholic emancipation? Didn’t they denounce the fenian movement from the pulpit and in the confession box?” (Joyce Portrait 33). For the ability of Ireland to practice and teach Catholicism, hold government and military jobs, the Catholic church supported England, which gave Ireland much a smaller position in government Fenians, Mr. Casey being one of them, were a militant nationalist group Mr. Casey is showing the fallibility of the Church and how it should not be involved in government affairs

Dante Example of Dublin type of Catholic orthodox Believes in Catholic Church and G-d before all Is a nationalist unless the church is against it Mr. Casey Example of Dublin “type” of secular nationalist Believes in Irish nationalism and autonomy before all Is a Catholic unless the church becomes involved in nationalism Shows how humans are not one or the other but shades of grey

Imagine you are in Dublin in 1914 You have worked and anticipated for your autonomy, worked for your rights, your basic “daily bread” You finally get it Now I’m not letting you use it How do you feel? You may now eat the bread if you so choose Any questions?

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