The Guomindang By Anand, Deil and Sam

The Founding of the GMD- PT1 The Guomindang was founded by Sun Yatsen, who was previously the leader of the Revive China Society from 1894 to 1905 and the Tongmenghui (Sworn Chinese Brotherhood). His three aims were to eliminate the Manchus, get rid of monarchist ideology and take China on the path to socialism. By 1911 he had tried to overthrow the monarchy on ten separate occasions and failed every time. He played a large part in the 1911 Wuchang rebellion. In 1912 the constitutional republic was set up and it was meant to work as a democracy with an elected parliament. There were elections, known as the national assembly held in 1913 and that is when Sun Yatsen set up the Guomindang (People’s National Party).

The Founding of the GMD- PT2 The Guomindang dominated the parliament after a very successful election. However, Yuan Shikai (the President and Militiary leader) didn’t really want to share his power or listen to anything that the parliament had to say He then went against the assemblies decisions. Before deciding to dissolve the parliament in January The Guomindang then occupied the south and set up a rival Government in Guangzhou in 1916.

Guomindang GMD (Kuomintang-KMT) policies and ideology Sun Yatsen’s Three Principles of the people- ‘nationalism, democracy and peoples livelihood’. Guangxi Clique- 3 goals: Anti-communist/ anti- imperialistic and anti-religious. Socialism and anti Capitalist ideas Confucianism and religion in ideology Education Soviet-style military

Chiang Kai-shek Bio – PT1 Chiang Kai-shek (also known as Jiang Jieshi) was born on 31 October 1887 in Zhejiang, an eastern coastal province of China. At the age of 18 he went to military training college in Japan. Chiang became a member of the Chinese Nationalist Party (known as the Kuomintang or KMT), founded by Sun Yat-sen, his brother-in-law. He returned to China in 1911 to take part in the uprising that overthrew the Qing Dynasty and established a Chinese republic. Supported by Sun Yat-sen, Chiang was appointed commandant of the Huangpu Military Academy in Canton in 1924, where he built up the Nationalist army.

After Sun's death in 1925, Chiang became leader of the GMD. He led the March to the North in July 1926, which focused on re-uniting China, where millions of Chinese people joined him as they were fed up of the chaos caused be the Warlord rule. He then set up the National Government based in Nanjing. In 1928, he led the suppression of the Chinese Communist Party in Guangzhou and expelled them from the cities. The communists had to flee to the Juangxi and the Hunan provinces. He believed that the Jianxi Soviets were the biggest threat to his power and tried to exterminate them on five occasions. The first 4 extermination campaigns were a large failure. However on the fifth occasions he managed to kill 60,000 of the Red Army and too over half of their territory He had to defend against a full scale Japanese invasion in 1937 and needed help from the USA. In 1946 a civil war broke out between the GMD and the Communists. Chiang lost and him and the rest of the GMD forces were sent to exile in Taiwan. Chiang Kai-shek Bio – PT2

The Northern Expedition Kuomintang military campaign led by Chiang Kai- shek, Goal- to unify China under Kuomintang control. Quite easily defeated the Warlords and end of warlord control. Falling out between left and right wing party members, led to communist purge. Beijing taken in 1928, China reunified and Government moved to Nanjing.

The Shanghai Massacre (1927) from the perspective of the GMD

4. With the aid of the Green Gang, a local troupe of gangsters, Guomindang forces arrested and executed hundreds of suspected communists. 5. The purge continued for weeks and became known as the White Terror. It marked the end of the First United Front, the end of Soviet backing for the Guomindang and the eventual collapse of Wang Jingwei’s left wing government in Wuhan.

Defeat of the Jiangxi Soviet Chiang’s plan ended up in communist hands. This piece of intelligence convinced the communists to retreat, leaving 20,000 soldiers to fight the Kuomintang. October 10 th 1934, communist leadership issued the order of general retreat. October 16 th 1934, the Red Army’s long march began.

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