Tonight at 6 in the SHS Auditorium

Mexico

Spanish Conquest Conquistadors – conquerors Hernán Cortés  Arrived in 1519 – approx. 500 soldiers Aztecs  Montezuma – 25,000,000 just in the capital  Advanced cities / warring nation

How were the Spanish able to conquer that many Aztecs in such a short period of time with so few Spaniards?

A Article about Cortes Do I understand?

B C D A E Article about Cortes

A A A A A He came to the Americas. I thought… I get it now!

B C D A E Article about Cortes Paragraph A was about… Cortes did this and then that. And then he died.

Look out for black holes!!!

Quetzalcoatl light skin, red hair, and light eyes Would come to earth during the end times Would come by way of the sea

Spanish superiority Weapons made of iron Metal armor Cannons Ships Horses Disease Captives from the Caribbean and neighboring tribes

Tenochtitlan

Spanish Conquest Complete  Conquered Aztecs in 1521  Destroys Tenochtitlan  Current site of Mexico City

Essay Quiz How were the Spanish able to conquer the Aztecs in such a short period of time with such a small force?

It’s Complicated

Spain began to colonize…  Encomienda System was created.  Haciendas – Large estates owned by conquistadors and worked by Indians.  Profits would benefit the land owner and Spain in the form of taxes.

Early Social Organization Peninsulares  From Spain and moved to the Americas Criollos  Spanish ancestry born in Americas Mestizos  Mixed blood Indians

Social Classes Very few are Peninsulares  Very wealthy and have all the power and land. Most people are Mestizos.  They are poor and cannot own land.

Road to Democracy Napoleon (The French emperor) took over Spain.  This hurt allegiances with the mother country Rebellion led by a Criollo priest Miguel Hidalgo begins.

Independence? Hidalgo issued his Grito de Dolores, or “Cry of Dolores,” calling for… The end of Spanish rule The redistribution of land Racial equality. He fails and is executed along with other revolutionaries.

Independence Royalists felt that independence would bring them more power. On August 24, 1821, they signed the Treaty of Córdoba, which made Mexico an independent constitutional monarchy.  This had an emperor, not a democracy.

Independence Less rights were given to those at the bottom of the social system. Wealthy Peninsulares still owned all land and hold all power.

Did the revolution of 1810 fix the issues in Mexico? Discuss with a partner

Revolution 1910 – 1920

Mexican Revolution 1910 – 1920 An attempt to overthrow the dictator, Porfirio DíazPorfirio Díaz  He ruled from 1876 – 1911  Made progress for the country  Inequality still exists A 10 year civil war followed.

Pancho Villa

The result of the revolution was a DEMOCRATIC republic

Oh… and lots of destruction.

Discuss with a partner Describe the road to Democracy for Mexico. How does this path differ from America’s path?

Mexico’s Economy

Major Industries 1. Oil 2. Drug Trade 3. Manufacturing 4. Tourism

1. Oil

Oil industry  Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX)  A State owned company for decades  Accounts for 1/3 of government revenue  Focused on getting the easy to locate reserves.

Mexico Oil Reform  Current President Pena Nieto pushing for reform  He wants to open the industry to private investors.  Foreign investors would bring the kinds of technology needed to tap the billions of unattainable oil in the country.

“Mexico could make North America the world leader in oil production”

Impacts of privatizing  This would lead to competition and cheaper oil!!!  Opens the door for U.S investors  Could limit cash flow to the Mexican government.

2. Drugs

Drug Trafficking 10 Billion dollar industry Divisions among rival drug cartels leads to violence in areas that overlap.  47,515 had died in drug war violence between Dec. 1, 2006, and Sept. 11 Use of terrorism to maintain control  Beheadings, car bombs, kidnappings Government Corruption  Those who oppose are threatened or assassinated

Drug Trafficking – Why Mexico? Weak local and State governments Increased international success combating drug smuggling in Colombia and the Caribbean Increased drug consumption in Mexico Ease of buying guns in the U.S and transporting them to Mexico.

3. Manufacturing

NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement  (NAFTA) 1993/1994  This lifted tariffs and trade blocks between the U.S, Canada, and Mexico.

Maquiladoras Assemble products almost exclusively for U.S. Spurred economic growth along U.S. border Employ 1,000,000+ Changed appearance of northern cities

Tourism

GBANFMaUks

QuizL2 – 12pts What were the four classes in Mexico’s early colonial period? What is a Maquiladora? What is NAFTA? How has it impacted the economy of Mexico and the U.S? How were the Spanish able to conquer the Aztecs so easily?

Geography of Mexico

Regions of Mexico Heartland Region Gulf Coastal Plain Yucatán Peninsula Northern Pacific Coast Southern Pacific Coast

Northern Pacific Coast Southern Pacific Coast Gulf Coastal Plain Yucatán Peninsula Heartland Region

Northern Pacific Coast Baja California  Peninsula Tijuana Illegal Immigration Maquilladoras

Southern Pacific Coast Sierra Madre del Sur Tourism  Acapulco  Puerto Vallarta

Acapulco

Gulf Coastal Plain Fossil fuels  Natural gas  Oil  On Gulf Coastal Plain  Under Gulf of Mexico Hurricane Zone

Yucatán Peninsula Limestone bedrock  Porous  Creates caverns  sinkholes Mayans  Their civilization spread here Tourism  Cancún

Heartland Region Plateau  An area of high, flat land Densely populated area Mexico City

U.S vs. Mexico