Properties of Matter

You will perform a circuit of eight inquiries to observe how matter behaves. The inquiries involve the following: different states of matter, changes of state, mass and volume, floating and sinking, thermal expansion, mixtures, solubility and insolubility, and chemical reactions. Lesson 1 – Our Ideas About Matter

What is matter? Lesson 1 –

1.1 The Bottle & the Balloon Observations: When in hot water, the balloon expanded.(Expansion) When in ice, the balloon collapsed. (Contraction) Why? When the particles heat up, they increase in volume. When the particles cool down, they decrease in volume.

1.2 Similar Objects Volume of water (beginning) Volume of water + object Volume of object Ball50 mL61 mL11 mL Rectangle50 mL61 mL11 mL The two objects have the same volume which means they have the same amount of matter. Since we know that the ball and rectangle are of the same material, then we know that they have the same amount of mass.

1.3 The Burning Candle When lit: The candle wax starts to melt when the candle is lit. There is a yellow flame and the wick turns black. Heat and light are produced. When covered with beaker: When the candle is covered with the beaker, the flame starts to flicker and will eventually go out. Why? The flame goes out because the oxygen is used up and the flame runs out of fuel to burn.

1.4 Describing Matter Substance A: The substance is a rock. It is hard. You can see different colored crystals. It does not look like a pure substance because you can see different pieces. Substance B: The substance is white. It looks like a foam. It looks like a pure substance because it looks the same throughout.

1.5 Adding Water SubstanceBefore Water Added After Water Added ALarger, Rock like, crystal Substance sank; water made dome above substance; substance does not dissolve in water BSmall, dust like, crystal Cannot see substance particles, purple liquid; substance dissolves in water

1.6 Mixing Liquids After you shake the bottle, you see bubbles form between two layers. After the 2 minutes, the bubbles dissolve, but the liquids do not mix (immiscible). The liquids inside the bottles do not mix, they are two different densities, and they are two different colors.

1.7 Floating or Sinking After the objects were placed in the water, the pan floated and the ball sank. They act differently because of surface area and volume. pan – large surface area, small volume ball – small surface area, large volume

1.8 Reacting a Tablet The temperature of the water before the tablet is added was 23 C. After the tablet was added, the water turned green, it started foaming, the tablet dissolved, and the volume went up. The temperature of the water after the tablet dissolved is 21 C.

Lesson 1 – Matter - the physical material that has mass and occupies space. Air is a gas. Air and gases are forms of matter even though they are invisible. The shape of an object does not affect its mass. Some matter is soluble in water. All liquids are not water or do not contain water. Temperature change affects the volume of air. Some liquids do not mix (immiscible).

Lesson 1 – (1-3) 11. matter - the physical material that has mass and occupies space 12. expansion - the increase in the volume of matter that occurs when matter is heated. 13. contraction - decrease in volume of matter when matter is cooled. 14. dissolving - the process that takes place when a solvent is mixed with a solute to make a solution. 15. immiscible - liquids that are unable to dissolve in one another. 16. miscible - liquids are able to dissolve in one another.

Lesson 1 - (2-3) 17. density - the mass of a known volume of a substance; measured in g/cm3 18. chemical reaction - any change that involves the formation of a new substance; has reactants and products. 19. mass - the amount of matter in an object; measured in g or kg. 20. volume - the amount of space occupied matter; measured in L, mL, cm3, or m burning - a rapid chemical reaction between a substance and a gas that produces heat and light. Most burning or combustion takes place in the air and has oxygen as one of its reactants.

Lesson 1 – (3-3) 22. solid - a phase or state of matter in which a substance has definite shape and volume. 23. liquid - a state or phase of matter in which a substance has a definite volume but no definite shape. Liquids take the shape of the container they occupy. 24. mixture - two or more elements or compounds that are mixed together but are not chemically combined. 25. physical property - all the characteristic properties of a substance except those that determine how it behaves in a chemical reaction.