Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, 2005 -1- Recent results from PHOBOS Birger Back Argonne National Laboratory for the PHOBOS Collaboration.

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Presentation transcript:

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Recent results from PHOBOS Birger Back Argonne National Laboratory for the PHOBOS Collaboration

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, PHOBOS Collaboration Burak Alver, Birger Back, Mark Baker, Maarten Ballintijn, Donald Barton, Russell Betts, Abigail Bickley, Richard Bindel, Wit Busza (Spokesperson), Alan Carroll, Zhengwei Chai, Vasundhara Chetluru, Patrick Decowski, Edmundo García, Tomasz Gburek, Nigel George, Kristjan Gulbrandsen, Clive Halliwell, Joshua Hamblen, Ian Harnarine, Conor Henderson, David Hofman, Richard Hollis, Roman Hołyński, Burt Holzman, Aneta Iordanova, Jay Kane, Nazim Khan, Piotr Kulinich, Chia Ming Kuo, Wei Lik, Willis Lin, Steven Manly, Alice Mignerey, Gerrit van Nieuwenhuizen, Rachid Nouicer, Andrzej Olszewski, Robert Pak, Heinz Pernegger, Corey Reed, Christof Roland, Gunther Roland, Joe Sagerer, Iouri Sedykh, Wojtek Skulski, Chadd Smith, Maciej Stankiewicz, Peter Steinberg, George Stephans, Andrei Sukhanov, Marguerite Belt Tonjes, Adam Trzupek, Carla Vale, Sergei Vaurynovich, Robin Verdier, Gábor Veres, Peter Walters, Edward Wenger, Frank Wolfs, Barbara Wosiek, Krzysztof Woźniak, Bolek Wysłouch ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORYBROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS PAN, KRAKOWMASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, TAIWANUNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO UNIVERSITY OF MARYLANDUNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12,

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, dN/d  basics

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, dN/d  shapes Midrapidity plateau Boost invariant? Increase with energy Fall off at high  Increase with energy Small extrapolation into unmeasured region Au+Au PHOBOS PRL 91,52303 (2003)

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Why mid-rapidity? Emphasize produced or scattered particles 200 GeV Au+Au 0-6% central

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Where are particles emitted? 22% Only 22% emitted with p T > p L However, these particles carry information about the densest region formed in the collisions

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, What would an isotropic source look like? Isotropic emission: 1/cosh 2 

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, dN/d  =0

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Pre-RHIC theoretical predictions

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Important early RHIC result Models prior to RHIC wrong Logarithmic increase CGC (McLerran, Venugopalan) - - Minijet

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Gluon saturation: Kharzeev, Levin, Nardi =0.205 Q s = Q s0 (s/s 0 ) /2 Logarithmic fit: Central Au+Au collisions: N part =344 Calculation using re-adjusted parameters

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Energy density estimates? Absolute maximum: Total available energy: Volume at instant of overlap: Instantaneous energy density: Not equilibrated matter Birger’s estimate: Isotropic energy: Volume after  0 =1 fm/c: Equilibrated energy density:

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Bjorken estimate of energy density Phenix: E T measurement at 130 GeV  0 = 4.6 [GeV/fm 3 ] PRL 87, (2001) NA49: E T measurement at 17 GeV  0 = 3 [GeV/fm 3 ] PRL 75, 3814 (1995) Brahms Conclusion: All reasonable estimates are substantially larger than the predicted transition density of  0 = GeV/fm 3

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, N coll or N part scaling at  =0 for soft particles? ~N coll ~N part Hard collisions Q N coll Soft collisions QN part Both energies: x=0.13F0.01(stat) F0.05(syst) PHOBOS: PRC70, (2004) /3.3 x1.7 pp PHOBOS PRC 70, (2004)

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Complete dN/d  distributions

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, PHOBOS Data 62.4 GeV data coming soon - stay tuned PHOBOS PRL 91,52303 (2003)

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Total charged particle multiplicities N ch Q N part E part = s 1/2 N part /2 N ch Q E part Width x height = const

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Centrality (%) N part (total) N part (Au) N part (d) Centrality (%) N part (total) N part (Au) N part (d) d+Au centrality dependence PHOBOS Submitted PRL nucl-ex/ d Au Central: asymmetric Peripheral: symmetric Momentum conservation? > y PHOBOS

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Comparison to pp, e + e -, and d+Au Why are e + e - and Au+Au so similar?

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Extended longitudinal scaling PHOBOS Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, (2003) / PHOBOS white paper independent of energy Works also for dN/d  because: Spectator emission? PHOBOS PRL 91,52303 (2003)

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Extended longitudinal scaling in p-A and d-A collisions

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Total multiplicity N ch = dN/d  x  (2y beam +0.3-dN/d  /195) height x width width height PHOBOS PRL 91,52303 (2003)

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Energy dependence of N ch 0-6% Central AuAu collisions N part =344 Extrapolate to LHC: 5500 GeV 208 Pb+ 208 Pb N part = 380 dN ch /d  = N ch = PHOBOS PRL 91,52303 (2003)

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Collective flow

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Flow Flow measured by decomposing the azimuthal angle particle distributions into Fourier components: v1v1 v2v2 directed flowelliptic flow Reaction plane x z y

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Nearly hydrodynamic flow PHOBOS, Submitted to Phys. Rev. C / nucl-ex/ Calculations: P.F.Kolb, P. Huovinen, U.W.Heinz, and H.Heiselberg, Phys. Lett. B500, 232 (2001); P.Huovinen, Private Communication Centrality dependence p T dependence 200 GeV Au+Au PHOBOS

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Pseudorapidity dependence of flow PHOBOS 130 & 200 GeV Au+Au, Submitted to Phys. Rev. C, nucl-ex/ PHOBOS

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Flow continued Au+Au at 200 GeV PHOBOS, Submitted to Phys. Rev. C / nucl-ex/ PHOBOS PHOBOS 130 & 200 GeV Au+Au, Submitted to Phys. Rev. C, nucl-ex/

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Energy dependence of elliptical flow PHOBOS, Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett., nucl-ex/ PHOBOS PHOBOS 19.6, 62.4,130 & 200 GeV Au+Au, Submitted to Nucl. Phys. A

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Extended longitudinal scaling in Elliptic Flow? PHOBOS, Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett., nucl-ex/ PHOBOS

Birger Back/ANLBreckenridge, Feb 5-12, Summary  dN/d  basics - only 22% emitted within 45 o -135 o  Logarithmic es NN dependence of dN/d  at  =0  Total particle production scales with N part Q E part  Extended longitudinal scaling in dN/d   Extended longitudinal scaling in v 2