DNA Review Sheet Answers 1.Determines an organism’s traits; molecule of heredity 2.Hershey and Chase 3.Made of nucleotides 4.Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine 5.A-T C-G 6.Drawing Of DNA 7.Watson and Crick 8.Omit

DNA Review Sheet Answers 9. Double helix separation of strands 2. add nucleotide 3. bond with new nucleotides 4. end with 2 double helixes 11. Different sequences with same nitrogren bases

DNA Structure Model Choose 6 different colors. One color for adenine, one color for thymine, one color for cytosine, one color for guanine, one color for sugar, and one color for phosphate. Color all A’s the same, color all T’s same, color all C’s same, Color all G’s same, color all sugars/squares same, and color all blocks behind sugar same color. COLOR BEFORE CUTTING !!!!! CUT out the bases individually should have total of 8 Cut out DNA structures paste on construction paper and then paste nitrogen bases. A-T G-C Cut out 1 st paragraph on worksheet from the word “The” to “message” Also cut out title “Structure of DNA” paste

From DNA to Proteins 11.2 Notes

RNA: Ribonucleic Acid Is a nucleic acid Single stranded Sugar is ribose 4 Nitrogen Bases 1. Cytosine C 2. Guanine G 3. Adenine A 4. Uracil U G C G U U A

RNA (cont) 3 Types of RNA: 1.Messenger RNA (mRNA): brings instructions from DNA to cytoplasm 2.Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): binds to the mRNA and uses the instructions to assemble amino acids. 3.Transfer RNA (tRNA): delivers amino acids to the ribosome.

Overall Process to Make Proteins Transcription Translation

Transcription Making a copy of RNA from DNA Steps: 1.DNA unwinds 2.RNA matches up to DNA 3.A single strand of RNA is made 4.DNA coils up

Transcription How RNA matches to DNA DNA Strand: A T C G RNA Strand: U A G C

RNA Processing Cleaning up the RNA strand Not all parts of DNA code for proteins. Intron—does not code for protein Exon—does code for protein Introns are removed before moving on to next step

The Genetic Code Proteins are made of amino acids There are 20 amino acids 3 nitrogen bases code for one amino acid—called a codon There are 64 possible codons All organisms use the same codons

Translation Making an amino acid from mRNA Takes place in ribosome Steps: 1.mRNA attaches to ribosome 2.tRNA with amino acid binds to mRNA 3.tRNA releases amino acid 4.Next tRNA binds to mRNA

5. Peptide bond forms between amino acid 6. tRNA releases its amino acid 7. Steps are repeated until stop codon is reached. A chain of amino acids becomes a protein when correct shape is formed.

Starter: March 5, 2010: Copy all of the following, answering any questions 2.01a: Replication: Question 1: Describe the process of DNA Replication. 2.01b: Protein Synthesis: Question 2: List three differences between DNA and RNA. Question 3: Describe the process of transcription and where it happens.