3 rd Quarter Assessment Review

Mitosis and Meiosis

Diploid Cell 2 other names: Body Cell and Somatic Cell Made during Mitosis 2 exact daughter cells / diploid cells are made

Haploid Cell 2 other names: Gamete and Sex Cell Made during Meiosis 4 haploids are created

Cell Cycle 2 parts of the Cell Cycle Interphase and “M” phase The “M” phase s are-----Mitosis and Meiosis

Cell Cycle 2 parts of the Cell Cycle Interphase and “M” phase The “M” phase s are-----Mitosis and Meiosis

Interphase G 1 stage ---cell grows so they can perform their jobs Chromosomes are replicated/doubled or DNA replication takes place in the S Stage of Interphase Replicated DNA/Chromosomes----EXACT copies are called Sister Chromatids

Mitosis Cells go through because: Replace Repair Growth Asexual Reproduction Know what happens in each and what they look like---Mitosis notes

Meiosis Cells go through because: Sexual Reproduction To create haploid cells/gametes/sex cells for reproduction Know what each phase look like---Meiosis notes There are 8 Total phases: PI, MI, AI, TI, PII, MII, AII, and TII

Organism with 32 chromosomes BI EI---64 P---64 M—64 A---64 T—32/32

DNA and RNA

DNA Nucleotide 1. Phosphate Molecule 2. Deoxyribose---Sugar 3. Nitrogen Base---Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, or Guanine

Difference Between DNA and RNA DNA RNA 2 stranded 1 Stranded

DNA Replication Where? Nucleus When? During the S stage of Interphase Why? To copy the organisms entire genome/chromosome How? 1. Helicase (1 of 2 enzymes) breaks HYDROGEN bonds between nitrogen bases 2. New DNA nucleotides fill in next to the exposed DNA nucleotides 3. DNA Polymerase (2 of 2 enzymes) finish the process

Protein Synthesis Where? Ribosome 2 processes---Transcription and Translation To find an amino acid…look up CODON Example CCC codon = PROLINE

Transcription—What? Making of mRNA from DNA Where? Nucleus Why? To make the template for a Protein How? 1. RNA Polymerase breaks HYDROGEN bonds between nitrogen bases of the DNA molecule 2. An RNA nucleotides NOW fills in next to ONE of the exposed DNA nucleotides creating a strand of Messenger/mRNA and continues this process until it reaches a STOP CODON… 3. mRNA releases from DNA to head to the ribosome to be read (Translated/Translation) into a protein 4. DNA zips back up….