Answers to Reviewer
Requires energy Grows Reproduces Contains genetic material Reacts to the environment
Genetic material : DNA and/or RNA Cell /plasma membrane Cytoplasm
CELL STRUCTURE HYDROPHOBIC & HYDROPHILIC
HOW MATERIALS MOVE ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE Osmosis Diffusion Active Transport Passive Transport DEFINITION
HIGH CONCENTRATION->LOW CONCENTRATION moves ALONG the gradient Doesn’t require energy Diffusion, Osmosis, passive transport LOW CONCENTRATION->HIGH CONCENTRATION Moves AGAINST the gradient Requires energy in the form of ATP Active Transport
PLANT CELL Chloroplast where photosynthesis takes place Cell Wall Large Vacuole ANIMAL CELL No chloroplast No cell wall Vacuole is smaller than plant cells Centriole-> mitosis, cytokinesis
PROKARYOTES No nucleus, genetic material is “naked” Circular plasmid No membranous cell organelles Bacteria, Archaea EUKARYOTES Nucleus, nucleolus Chromosomes Cell organelles Plants, animals VIRUSES Non-living Genetic material Protein coat
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID Found in nucleus of eukaryotes, contains genetic information for encoding proteins Deoxyribose sugar Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine RIBONUCLEIC ACID Found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, three types mRNA, tRNA, rRNA Ribose sugar “uracil” instead of thymine
DEFINITION DNA-> RNA STEPS
RNA-> PROTEIN
DNA-> RNA-> PROTEIN
System of folded sacs and channels where translation takes place, proteins are created and where lipids are modified.
ROUGH ER Synthesizes proteins Ribosomes on it SOFT ER Modifies, detoxifies lipids No ribosomes
Modification, packaging proteins Transport of proteins to the plasma membrane for secretion
Reactants: Carbon dioxide, Water Products: Glucose ( sugar), Oxygen
LIGHT-DEPENDENT Water is oxidized Light energy is converted into chemical energy Generates ATP, NADPH,H, Oxygen LIGHT-INDEPENDENT ( DARK) CO2, ATP, NADH, H react Formation of glucose
REACTANTS Glucose Oxygen ( aerobic) No oxygen ( anaerobic) PRODUCTS Carbon dioxide, Water Energy-> ATP
Adenosine triphosphate Energy molecule
Matrix-> carbohydrates broken down to CO2 and water Cristae-> ATP is produced
monosaccharides
Amino Acids
Fatty acids Glycerol
Nitrogenous bases Sugar Phosphate Ex. DNA, RNA
Large carbon compounds necessary for life * Living organisms are made out of C, H, O, N, P, S Polysaccharides Proteins Triglycerides Nucleic Acids
What is the central dogma of molecular biology? What are the organelles involved? What processes are involved? What is the function of the cell membrane? How does the cell generate its energy? What processes are involved? Name the types of cells, reactants, products involved.