Silver Edition – Lesson 12 Opposite Directions

EXTRA (EXTRO)  Extracurricular  Extra + curr (run)  Literal definition – run beyond; run outside of  Dictionary definition – (adj) done or pursued in addition to the normal course of study  I like to participate in extracurricular clubs like Spanish Club after school.

EXTRA (EXTRO)  Extraordinary  Extra + ordin (order) + ary (pertaining to)  Literal definition – pertaining to beyond order  Dictionary definition – (adj) very unusual or remarkable  The extraordinary transformation from a geek to a popular person is a common movie plot.

EXTRA (EXTRO)  Extravagant  Extra + vagary (to wander) + ant (characteristic of)  Literal definition – to wander beyond; to wander outside of  Dictionary definition – (adj) lacking restraint or control in spending money or using resources  Your extravagant spending lead to bankruptcy.  EXTRA(EXTRO) – BEYOND, OUTSIDE OF

HYPER  Hyper  Dictionary definition – (adj) unusually energetic  Note – hyper is a shortened form of hyperactive  The upcoming concert made me hyper, and I could barely contain my excitement.

HYPER  Hypersensitive  Hyper + sentire (to feel) + ive (capable of)  Literal definition – capable of feeling beyond  Dictionary definition – (adj) abnormally or excessively aware of feelings  Wolfgang was very hypersensitive about his balding head.

HYPER  Hyperventilate  Hyper + ventus (wind) + ate (become)  Literal definition – to become above wind  Dictionary definition – (v) to breathe too rapidly and lose too much carbon dioxide  I was so scared at the haunted house that I began to hyperventilate.  HYPER – ABOVE, BEYOND, OVER

HYPO  Hypocrite  Hypo + krinein (judge, decide)  Literal definition – under judge  Dictionary definition – (n) one who pretends or plays a part; one who claims to have morals or beliefs but whose behavior does not conform to them  If you say you don’t smoke but get caught smoking, you are a hypocrite.

HYPO  Hypothermia  Hypo + therm (heat) + ia (condition)  Literal definition – condition below heat  Dictionary definition – (n) a condition of having abnormally low body temperature  Wolfgang was diagnosed with hypothermia after he locked himself in the restaurant freezer for several hours.

HYPO  Hypotheses  Hypo + thesis (to place)  Literal definition – to place under  Dictionary definition – (n) a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation  Our hypothesis for the experiment proved to be correct.  HYPO – UNDER, BELOW

SUB  Subdue  Sub + due (lead)  Literal definition – lead under  Dictionary definition – (v) to overcome, quiet, or bring under control a feeling or a person; to bring a country under control by force  The police subdued the suspect as he tried to run.

SUB  Subside  Sub + sidere (to settle)  Literal definition – to settle under  Dictionary definition – (v) to become less intense, violent, or severe  After taking some aspirin, my headache began to subside.

SUB  Subterranean  Sub + terr (land, earth)  Literal definition – under land; under earth  Dictionary definition – (adj) existing, occurring, or done under the earth’s surface  Moles are subterranean animals since they live underground most of the time.  SUB - UNDER

SUPER  Superficial  Super + fic (make) + ial (characteristic of)  Literal definition – characteristic of making above  Dictionary definition – (adj) existing or occurring on the surface; not thorough or complete  Your injuries appear to be superficial and need only minor first aid.  You have a superficial understanding of algebra and should probably take it again next year.

SUPER  Superior  Literal definition – above  Dictionary definition – (adj) higher in rank, status, or quality; (n) a person or thing higher in rank, status, or quality  In the Army, soldiers must salute when a superior officer walks by.  Wolfgang’s superior at work made him come into the office on Saturday.

SUPER  Supersede  Super + sedere (to sit)  Literal definition – to sit above; to sit over  Dictionary definition – (v) to take the place of something because it is more important  Fun fact – this is only word in the English language that ends in sede  When at school, academics and good behavior supersede sports and socializing.  SUPER – ABOVE, BEYOND, OVER