Jefferson Administration

Reducing Government Jefferson wanted to Simplify the Presidency Walked to inauguration instead of riding in carriage Took off powdered wig and sometimes wore work clothes and frayed slippers when receiving visitors

Reducing Government Reduced size of army, halted expansion of navy Lowered expenses of government Closed Embassies in Europe Eliminated all direct taxes

Reducing the Government Jefferson believed in free trade US would benefit from raw materials and food sent to Europe National government could operate on custom receipts

Jefferson and the Courts Judiciary Act of 1801 Passed by Adams, attempt to control the political direction of future federal judicial decisions Increased the number of federal judges by 16

Jefferson and the Courts Most of positions filled by Federalists Called the midnight judges, Adams signed their appointments late on the night of his last day of his administration

Jefferson and the Courts Appointed John Marshall, a Federalist, as Chief Justice Served for more than 30 years

Jefferson and the Courts Angered Jefferson and Republicans Some documents were signed but not delivered when Adams left office Jefferson said they were invalid

Marbury v. Madison 1803 Marbury v. Madison William Marbury a Federalist, was one of the midnight judges, justice of peace in DC Never received official papers, demanded James Madison deliver Madison was Sec of State

Marbury v. Madison 1803 John Marshall ruled against Marbury Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional Would have forced Madison to deliver papers Said Constitution contained no provision for Supreme Court to issue orders

Marbury v. Madison 1803 Established Judicial Review Marbury was victory for Republicans Made key federalist point, judicial review The Supreme Court can declare an act of Congress unconstitutional Is a cornerstone of American law and government

Napoleon and the French American farmers were dependent on the Mississippi river to transport crops French controlled the Mississippi and extracted large sums of money from farmers

Napoleon and the French Jefferson sent James Monroe to France to purchase the port city of New Orleans

The Louisiana Purchase France offered to sell not just New Orleans but all of Louisiana Province. The American negotiators agreed on a price of $15 million, or about 4 cents an acre. In a single stroke, Jefferson doubled the size of the country.

The Louisiana Purchase Boundaries Included all the land drained by the Mississippi River

The Lewis and Clark Expedition To gather information about the geography, natural resources, wildlife, and peoples of Louisiana President Jefferson dispatched an expedition led by his private secretary Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, a Virginia-born military officer

The Lewis and Clark Expedition Jefferson instructed men to carry out scientific studies along the way and to document the native cultures they found

The Lewis and Clark Expedition For 2 years Lewis and Clark led some 30 soldiers and 10 civilians up the Missouri River as far as present-day central North Dakota and then west to the Pacific.

Election of 1804 In 1804, Jefferson was easily reelected, carrying every state except Connecticut and Delaware.

Increasing Tensions with Europe In May 1803, just two weeks after Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States, France declared war on Britain.

Increasing Tensions with Europe United States shipping was caught in the crossfire. France seized 500 ships and Britain nearly The most outrageous violation of America's rights was the British practice of impressment.

Increasing Tensions with Europe The British began to stop foreign ships and remove seamen alleged to be British subjects. By 1811, nearly 10,000 American sailors had been forced into the British navy (impressment)

Embargo of 1807 US Response to France and Britain refusal to respect US neutrality Called “peaceable coercion” Outlawed all trade with foreign countries

Embargo of 1807 Would protect US ships from seizure and deprive European powers of much needed American goods Had no support from the American public Never damaged the economies of France or Britain

Daily Quiz

A major goal of the Lewis and Clark expedition was to gather information about natural resources west of the Mississippi.

In Marbury v. Madison, Justice John Marshall increased the power of which branches of government the executive and judicial branches.

The Louisiana Purchase is significant because it greatly increased the size of the United States.

expedition to explore the land included in the Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark expedition

Analysis of Marbury v Madison Read Marbury v Madison P. 207 Fact of the case –Who was involved? –What happened? Issue – what was the legal issue that had to be decided Argument for the Petitioner (person bring the suit) Argument for the Respondent (person being sued) Decision of the court –What was their reasoning