CHAPTER 16 SLAVERY DIVIDES THE NATION. SECTION 2 – Quick Review Missouri Compromise: compromise = ??? Henry Clay’s proposal – kept the number of slave/free.

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CHAPTER 16 SLAVERY DIVIDES THE NATION

SECTION 2 – Quick Review Missouri Compromise: compromise = ??? Henry Clay’s proposal – kept the number of slave/free states equa l Missouri = slave state ok if Maine = free state Why was this so important? Wilmot Proviso: David Wilmot – law to ban slavery in the West Free states above 36◦30’ & Slave states below Never passed – angry southerners: Congress can not ban slavery Free-Soil Party : Democrats / Whigs –goal to ban slavery in the West

Section 2 – The Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 – attempt to save the Union Five Parts : 1. Allowed California to become free state 2. Divided Mexican territory into New Mexico and Utah Voters decide if slave state – popular sovereignty 3. Ended slave trade in Wash. D.C. 4. Included strict fugitive slave law Settled a border disputed between Texas and New Mexico

Sect. 2 – Fugitive Slave Law 1850 – Fugitive Slave Law requires all citizens to help catch runaway slaves Anyone helped escaped slaves - fined $1,000 and put in jail This made antislavery northerners angry Felt it made them part of slave system

Calhoun, Clay, and Webster Calhoun – Southerner - proslavery and refused to compromise. Webster – Hated slavery, but agreed to compromise to serve the Union – He was afraid of a civil war – A war between people of the same country He supported Fugitive Slave Act Clay – Compromise was necessary to save the Union. Wanted everyone to agree with each other. Afraid the Union could break up.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe writes Uncle Tom’s Cabin Bestseller – Antislavery story Shows: Evils of slavery Injustice of Fugitive Slave Act

Section 3 – The Crisis Deepens Kansas – Nebraska Act Senator Stephen Douglas – bill to set up a govt. for the Nebraska Territory Divided Nebraska into two territories Nebraska and Kansas Gave each state right to decide about slavery – popular sovereignty

Kan/Neb Act - Support Seemed fair to many people – especially southern leaders. Thought slave owners would move with their slaves into Kansas Hoped Kansas would become a slave state President Franklin Pierce supported the bill

Kan/Neb Act - Northern Outrage Many northerners unhappy with this Act, became angry Said Miss. Comp. already banned slavery in Kansas Afraid slavery could spread to free areas Protested – challenged the Fugitive Slave Act

Crisis Turns Violent Proslavery Border Ruffians from Missouri Wanted to make sure antislavery group did not take over territory Rode across the border and battled the antislavery groups in Kansas Voted illegally in Kansas for proslavery law

Crisis Turns Violent 1856 – Bleeding Kansas – Border Ruffians raided Lawrence. Destroyed homes and a Free-Soil newspaper location John Brown, abolitionist, struck back at Pottawatomie Creek Dragged proslavery settlers from their bed and kills them Violence gets worse Guerrilla warfare - Use of hit-and-run tactics More than 200 people die

The Dred Scott Case Dredd Scott - slave in Missouri His owner and him moved to Wisconsin where slavery was not allowed Moved back to Missouri, and Scott’s owner dies Antislavery lawyers help him to file a lawsuit Because he lived in a free territory, he was free Case goes to the Sup. Court

Dredd Scott v. Sandford Courts decision shocks antislavery Americans Court ruled : Scott could not file a lawsuit, he was a slave and not a citizen Slaves were considered to be property Congress can not outlaw slavery in any territory Meant that Miss. Comp. was unconstitutional