Plants Green: The color of life. 1

What do plants need to survive? SunlightWater and Minerals Gas Exchange CO 2 O2O2 Movement of Water and Nutrients Sugar 2

The Development of Plants Mosses and their relatives Ferns and their relatives Cone-bearing plants Flowering plants Blue green bacteria Water-Conducting Vascular Tissue Seeds Flowers Seeds Enclosed in Fruit Over time, plants have gone from simple to complex. 3

Flowering Plants have: Monocot Mono = one cot = cotyledon (seed leaves) Dicot Di = two cot = cotyledon (seed leaves) Seeds Corn SeedBean Seed 4

Flowering Plants have: Monocot Dicot Leaves Parallel VeinsBranched Veins 5

Flowering Plants have: Monocot Dicot Flowers Multiples of 3Multiples of 4 or

Flowering Plants have: Monocot Dicot Stems Vascular Bundles Scattered Vascular Bundles In a Ring 7

Flowering Plants have: Monocot Dicot Roots Fibrous RootTaproot 8

Why does a plant need roots? To anchor a plant in the ground To absorb water and nutrients from the soil like a sponge and store them for later 9

Epidermis Cortex Vascular Cylinder A Root Has Layers 10

The outside layer of a root Is called the Epidermis. The epidermis provides Protection Absorption 11

Root Hairs add extra surface area. The root cap pushes through the soil. The outside layer of a root Is called the Epidermis. 12

Cortex The middle layer of a root Is called the Cortex. 13

Vascular Cylinder The inside layer of a root Is called the Vascular Cylinder. The Vascular Cylinder begins the process of moving food and water throughout the plant. Sugar 14

The Vascular Cylinder contains: Xylem W (water) & X (xylem) are both at the end of the alphabet. (Pronounced Flow-em) Phloem Carries Water Carries Food Sugar 15

Why does a plant need a stem? To produce To hold the leaves up to sunlight To transport nutrients from roots to leaves leaves,branches andflowers 16

Why does a plant need leaves? For Photosynthesis For Transpiration For Gas Exchange CO 2 O2O2 To Move Water To “Breathe” Sugar To Make Food 17

Guard Cells Stoma Guard cells let water leave the plant. As water pressure in the guard cells decrease The size of the stoma decreases. 18

Guard cells let water leave the plant. As water pressure in the guard cells increase The size of the stoma increases. Stoma Guard Cells 19

Looking at a cross-section of a leaf, you can see 20

Looking at a cross-section of a leaf, you can see Guard Cells Control the size of the stoma. 21

Looking at a cross-section of a leaf, you can see Stoma Allows gases to move in and out of the leaf. 22

Looking at a cross-section of a leaf, you can see Cuticle Outer waxy layer that protects against water loss. 23

Looking at a cross-section of a leaf, you can see Xylem Move nutrients and water through the plant. Phloem 24

Photosynthesis ++ carbon dioxide CO 2 oxygen O2O2 sugars Sugar water Sunlight Green plants use the energy ofsunlight to convert carbon dioxideand water into high-energy sugarsand oxygen. 25

Photosynthesis carbon dioxide oxygen sugars water The formula looks like this. CO 2 H2OH2OC 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 ++ light The balanced equation looks like this Now there are equal numbers of each element on both sides of the arrow. 26

Photosynthesis carbon dioxide oxygen sugars water CO 2 H2OH2OC 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 ++ light The balanced equation looks like this Now there are equal numbers of each element on both sides of the arrow. 6 Carbon 27

Photosynthesis carbon dioxide oxygen sugars water CO 2 H2OH2OC 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 ++ light The balanced equation looks like this Now there are equal numbers of each element on both sides of the arrow. 18 Oxygen 28

Photosynthesis carbon dioxide oxygen sugars water CO 2 H2OH2OC 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 ++ light The balanced equation looks like this Now there are equal numbers of each element on both sides of the arrow. 12 Hydrogen 29

Plant Reproduction Plants can reproduce sexually by Seeds Cones 30

Seed Dispersal Seeds can be spread by: Animals Wind Water 31

Gymnosperms reproduce using cones. 32

Angiosperms reproduce using flowers. 33

Parts of a Typical Flower How attractive! Petals Attract Insects Sepals Protect the Developing flower Careful! 34

Parts of a Typical Flower Stamen Male part of flower Anther Filament 35

Parts of a Typical Flower Pistil Female part of flower (Sounds like “Pigtail”) Stigma Style Ovary 36

Plant Reproduction Plants can reproduce asexually by vegetative propagation. Stems Plantlets Roots Stems, plantlets and roots can become a new plant. 37

Plant Reproduction Plants can reproduce asexually by plant propagation. Cuttings Grafting & Budding A “cut” from a plant can grow roots when put in soil. Two plants are attached to form one plant. 38

Plants can respond to their environment. TropismsWinter Dormancy Plants can respond to stimuli such as gravity, light, and touch. A plant’s growth and activity can decrease or stop for a period of time. 39

Plants can adapt to their environment. Aquatic PlantsDesert Plants Waterlilies have air-filled spaces to help oxygen move. Coconut seeds float in water. Have extensive roots, reduced leaves and thick stems to store water. 40