Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Recent Results on Tore Supra with the ITER PAM Lower Hybrid Prototype Antenna G.T. Hoang, A. Ekedahl with the contribution of the CIMES Project Team

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- « A brief history of CIMES »  CIMES Project granted with Euratom preferential support 2000  a new LHCD CW capability  a new IR monitoring capability  a CW pellet injector  a new cooling capability

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Tore Supra PFC monitoring by IR TPL (7.5m 2 ) 574 elements All the PFCs are actively cooled by pressurized water (120°C; 1100 tons/hour) Temperature monitoring by actively cooled IR endoscopes [Guilhem 2005] LH launcher ICRF antenna Toroidal Pumped Limiter with heat exhaust capability of 10MW.m -2 [Garin, Fus Eng Design 2005 ] TORE SUPRA Implementation of IR cameras at JET [Gauthier, CEA-IRFM]

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Tore Supra CW Pellet Injector Same injector implemented at JET [A. Geraud] TORE SUPRA 2-minute Pellet Fueled LHCD Plasma (155 pellets. Very stable speed of 0.5 km/s) Relevant for ITER: Reliable screw extruder Pneumatic acceleration does not require large pumping system (<15 mbar.l for 2mm pellets up to 800 m/s)

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- The New Tore Supra LHCD system  a new LHCD CW capability  a new ITER-relevant PAM (Passive-Active Multijunction) launcher, complementing the FAM (Full Active Multijunction and replacing the 20 year old grill  a complete renewal of the power transmitter, including 16 new klystrons TH2103C (Thalès Electron Devices)

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- 3.7GHz / CW Klystron TH2103C  Routinely, VSWR =1.4, and VSWR=1  Efficiency of 47%  16+2 klystrons ordered, today 14 delivered and commissioned separately 700 kW / 1000s F. Kazarian et al., FED (2009); L. Delpech et al., 18th RF Top Conf. (2009)

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- First Half of LH Transmitter Equipped with TH2103C R. Magne, P. Mollard et al.

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Near term activities on transmitter  end january 2010: Tore Supra restarts operation after Xmas shutdown  FAM: not installed  PAM: fed with 8 “old” klystrons (P transmitter max ~2.8MW)  end march 2010: short Tore Supra shutdown  FAM: reinstalled and connected to the first series of 8 “new” klystrons (P transmitter max ~ 5.5MW > P FAM max )  PAM no change (P transmitter max ~ 2.8MW < P PAM max )  end 2010: LHCD transmitter shutdown  FAM no change (P transmitter max ~5.5MW > P FAM max )  PAM connected to second series of 8 “new” klystrons (P transmitter max ~5.5MW > P PAM max )

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Operational domain of long pulse operation extended  Physics issues zero loop voltage physics at high density/high plasma current, incl. transport, MHD-fast particles, intrinsic rotation.  Long discharge mastering (physics & device protection control)

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- 700kW / CW SPINNER Water Load Validated L. Delpech et al.

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- A key element of the CIMES project  More SS LHCD power at 3.7GHz  Improved domain of long pulse operation for Tore Supra: higher density and plasma current  Physics of SS plasmas and technology test of PAM concept The PAM is the present prefered solution for ITER LHCD (coupling issues, protection of the power source (low reflected power)) Motivations for a new LHCD Launcher The PAM is presently the heaviest object on a Tore Supra port (~8 tons)

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Manufacturing Tore Supra PAM launcher Concept. Ph. Bibet ITER-relevant concept for LHCD system The Tore Supra PAM scales as ¼ of the ITER launcher size Passive Active Multijunction (front view) Mode Converters (rear view) D. Guilhem et al., 18th RF Top Conf. (2009)

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Installing Tore Supra PAM launcher

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- An extremely fast commissioning period  3 days conditioning  10 days with plasma; 260 shots  28/10/09: starting the transmitter and PAM commissioning (60kW per klystron/10ms, no plasma)  30/10/09: first plasma discharges  P = 450kW / 4.5s  N // OK  Very low reflection coefficient (~1.5%) at long distance (>6cm)  17/11/09: 600kW / 5.5s + tests SMBI  01/12/09: 1MW / 5s  02/12/09: 1.9 MW/ 10s + variations in n//  16/12/09: 2.7MW / 17s

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- A clear interest from the LHCD community  Participants from:  EU  ENEA (7), POLITO Italy (1)  IST (1)  UKAEA (“CCFE”) (3)  IPP Prague (2)  ASIPP (3) & SWIP China (2)  IPR India (1)  NFRI Korea (3)

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- PAM Launcher Commissioned on Tore Supra  Major results after few days of commissioning  ~ 2.7 MW coupled for 17 seconds (~ 24 MW/m 2 )

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Recent 2010 progress [1/3] 2.7 MW (~ 24 MW/m 2 ) coupled for 35 seconds after ~ 280 shots IR surveillance 200°C 125°C 2.7MW / 35s 10 cm

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Recent 2010 progress [2/3] 2.75 MW ( 25 MW/m 2 ) coupled for ~80 seconds IR surveillance T [°C] E LHCD = 220MJ (25/03/2010)

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Recent 2010 progress [3/3] Full CD regime (PAM alone) during 50 s/2.2MW  CD efficiency similar to standard full active antenna, weak sensitivity with edge density.

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Hard-X Profile versus N // TS # , 0.5 MW-2MW, Ip ~ 0.95MA, line density ~ 3.7x10 19 m -2  In presence of electric field; loop voltage drop ~ 40%

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Low power (~200kW) to avoid non-linear effects on coupling Low reflected power level  even at a large plasma-antenna gap (follows design specifications)  in good agreement with modeling

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Non-Linear Effect on Coupling Observed Reflection coefficient  increases with power at small L // (low n e, T e at grill)  reduction of density at grill  stays constant at large L // (high n e, T e at grill) Small L // (PAM behind the IC antenna limiters) Power waveform Large L // (PAM in front of the IC antenna limiters) ~1.8MW

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Power Coupling Maintained under ELM-like Conditions Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection (SMBI) is used to mimic ELMs

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Hard-X rays during SMBI  HXR takes finite time to respond, scales typically as slowing down time.  HXR emission seems to follow bulk density recovery profile (slow response). P. Sharma et al

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Conclusions 1  The LHCD components of the CIMES project are now up & running  TH2103C 700kW/CW klystrons commercially available  PAM launcher showing initial excellent agreement with expectations Coupling at long distance and in ELMy-like plasmas demonstrated Easy commissioning CD capability assessement planned early 2010 Full CD over 50s Long pulse capability underway 2.75MW/80s achieved CW Power density limit still to be assessed (2011) So far 25MW/m 2 limited by the capacity of old klystrons > 30MW/m 2 expected  You are welcome to join the Tore Supra experiments

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Updates on the Conceptual Design Studies of the ITER LHCD system Tuong Hoang for the contributors of the LH4IT Project Team J.F. Artaud1, Y.S. Bae2, J. Belo3, G. Berger-By1, J.M. Bernard1, Ph. Cara1, A. Cardinali4, C. Castaldo4, S. Ceccuzzi4, R. Cesario4, J. Decker1, L. Delpech1, A. Ekedahl1, J.Garcia1, P. Garibaldi1, M. Goniche1, D. Guilhem1, C.Hamlyn-Harris5, J. Hillairet1, G.T. Hoang1, J. Hua6, Q.Y. Huang6, F. Imbeaux1, F. Kazarian5, S.H. Kim1, Y. Lausenaz1, R. Maggiora7, R. Magne1, L. Marfisi1, S. Meschino8, D. Milanesio7, F. Mirizzi4, W. Namkung9, L. Pajewski8, L. Panaccione8, Y. Peysson1, A. Saille1, G. Schettini8, M. Schneider1, P.K. Sharma1,10, O. Tudisco4, G. Vecchi8, S. R. Villari4, K. Vulliez1, Y. Wu6, Q. Zeng6

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- One year ago… Following Design Review conclusions, a 20 MW LHCD system for ITER under consideration for Steady-State Advanced Tokamak research and V.s saving issues. Five ITER partners joining efforts to update the conceptual design: CN, EU (under EFDA), IN, KO, and US, on voluntary basis.

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Partner Sub-structureManpowerComment Granted (on-going work) EUEFDA H&CD Top Group EFDA task HCD ppys (2.25ppy funded 20%+2.87ppy funded 40%, complemented by CEA and ENEA) 2009 work programme EUEFDA Training Programme “ LITE ” 4 trainees over 3 years each ( funded 100%) IndiaIPR~1ppy 2009 WP Visit to IRFM + homework ChinaASIPP~2ppy 2009 WP Visit to IRFM + homework ChinaSWIP~1ppy 2009 WP Visit to IRFM + homework KoreaNFRI+KAERITbd 2009 WP homework JapanJAEA0 Follow-up only USAORNL~1.5ppy 2009 WP Visit to IRFM + homework USAMIT~0.5ppy 2009 WP Visit to IRFM + homework Summary of the 2009 resource commitments

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Providing a pre-design document including the conceptual design, costing, possible procurement allocation, WBS, R&D needs  CEA (coordinator), ENEA, IST, POLITO, Univ. ROME 3, (CCFE, IPP-Prague, follow-up only)  With IO (HCD Department)  With International Fusion community support; China, India, Korea (test of 5GHz tube), US and Japan (follow-up only) EFDA TASK HCD ‘LH4IT’

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- All the works planned in 2009 achieved  Provide the ITER System Requirement Document, and Work Breakdown Structure  Study the Integration on ITER with IO, RAMI constraint (reliability, availability, maintainability, and inspectability)  Revise the Physics Design (absorption, propagation, alpha issue,…), incl. contribution to scenario development  Improve the initial DDD2001 conceptual design (antenna, TLs, PS, system control&protection + assoc. diagnostics)  Evaluate the cost and tentative planning

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Role of LHCD in ITER Confirmed  Driving the far off-axis current, crucial for sustaining Steady-State  Saving Volt-seconds -> extend burn duration

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Previous Results on Deposition Confirmed  Location of LH driven r/a > 0.6  Best range of N // : 1.8 – 2.2, for all the scenarios, incl. the ramp-up phase  Expected pedestal parameters [n e = 0.6x m -3 and Te < 5 keV] are located well inside the propagating region for N // = 2 ~26MW absorbed C3PO/LUKE I LH RAY-STAR 14MW absorbed Propagating region for N // = 2

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- LHCD Extends Burn Duration Early application of LHCD (20MW) in the current ramp-up saves ~ 45Wb (mainly by heating, ~38 Wb), preserved to the end of burn  Decrease of l i :  l i  ≤ 0.3  All PF coil currents well within their limits (a) (b) (c) (d) a,b,c,d: depending on the power + waveforms

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Modification of DDD2001 PAM proposed  4-WG module (4A+4P WGs/MJ) to improve the flexibility: N // = 2 ± 0.2 (initial design: 8-WG module, N // = 2 ± 0.1)  Directivity very similar to DDD2001 design (70%)  Optimizing bi-junctions to reduce RC <1.5%, in a wide range of density up to 12 x n co DDD2001 PAM 4A+4P WGs/MJ m m -3 n oc =3.1x10 17 m -3

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Installation on ITER 48 rectangular T-Lines maximum (or 24 circular T-Lines) Port # Klystrons 500kW / CW 2 x 48 RF windows (500kW/CW) Foreseen distance between the klystrons and the launcher, could be reduced at about 40m

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Antenna Front Face  Different models have been analyzed:  DDD2001 PAM model  2 Alternative PAM models “Case A” and “Case B” (also alternative concept FAM)  Acceptable Surface Temperature (<650°C) for all designs  Better knowledge of the Be-Cu joint (HIP) needed -> mock-up required Case A Case B DDD2001

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- CW high-power tests of the 500kW /5GHz klystron restarted In Feb 2010 at NFRI, with new capability of the test stand. Participation of CEA. 460 kW/20s; ~300kW / VSWR=1.12 [Courtesy of Y.S. Bae]

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- An ITER Task Agreement under preparation  This task is focussed on the design activity and will be divided in the following subtasks:  Definition of a development work plan.  Physics modeling to ensure physics requirement for LH H&CD.  Conceptual design analysis.  Definition of the R&D associated with the previous work plan.  Design process and drawings  The task will cover ~4 ppys over 2009/10.  The task issuing has been delayed due to the sudden death of A. Tanga.

Seminar, ASIPP 30/04/10 G.T. Hoang et al. Association Euratom- Conclusions 2  The ITER LHCD Conceptual Design Activity is complete. Final Report to Contributors and IO has been delivered in April 2010 Physics Case, incl. contribution to Steady State Scenario Developments Conceptual Design for PS, transmitter, TL and launcher available Urgent R&D: 500kW CW windows, mode filters, front face (BeO) Port and Transmitter Hall pre-allocation on ITER  EFDA will continue the Design effort over 2010 and encourage Procurement Package Discussions amongst contributors  ITER Task Agreement under preparation focusing on the design activity (Voluntary Contribution to the ITER LHCD development plan’). The task will cover ~ 4 ppys over 2009/10  New LHCD systems are foreseen in EAST, HL-2M, KSTAR, SST1, AUG and FAST (?). Need consortium (?)