11 BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA Chapter 4

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA2 CHAPTER OVERVIEW  Describe the various types of hardware used to perform backups.  Understand the difference between full, incremental, and differential backup jobs.  List the capabilities of the Windows Server Backup program.  Back up and restore an Active Directory database.  Use volume shadow copies.  Describe the various types of hardware used to perform backups.  Understand the difference between full, incremental, and differential backup jobs.  List the capabilities of the Windows Server Backup program.  Back up and restore an Active Directory database.  Use volume shadow copies.

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA3 BACKING UP DATA  Why do we back up data?  Why do we need to back up data?  - stolen computer  - fire, recover lost data  - keep your job  analogy  Why do we back up data?  Why do we need to back up data?  - stolen computer  - fire, recover lost data  - keep your job  analogy

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA4 BACKUP SOLUTION  One or more backup drives  A backup software product  Data to be backed up  - regularly made copies of your data  - restore data in a timely manner  - B/U is the fault tolerance ultimate measure  - stand alone vs network B/U  - your B/U plan/strategy  One or more backup drives  A backup software product  Data to be backed up  - regularly made copies of your data  - restore data in a timely manner  - B/U is the fault tolerance ultimate measure  - stand alone vs network B/U  - your B/U plan/strategy

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA5 BACKUP HARDWARE  Capacity  Speed  Cost  Capacity 1.44 MB floppy…use 712 floppies??%$#  - use large cap & schedule jobs  - 5pm to 7am b/u window, speed not critical  - 7am to 8 am window & 100 GB, speed critical  - extended costs (media), cost per MB  Capacity  Speed  Cost  Capacity 1.44 MB floppy…use 712 floppies??%$#  - use large cap & schedule jobs  - 5pm to 7am b/u window, speed not critical  - 7am to 8 am window & 100 GB, speed critical  - extended costs (media), cost per MB

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA6 CD-ROM AND DVD-ROM  CD  Inexpensive, widely supported  Capacity up to 650 MB  DVD  Becoming less expensive  Less support than for CDs  Capacity can be over 4 GB  - usually not recognized by network b/u software  CD  Inexpensive, widely supported  Capacity up to 650 MB  DVD  Becoming less expensive  Less support than for CDs  Capacity can be over 4 GB  - usually not recognized by network b/u software

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA7 CARTRIDGE DRIVES  Proprietary technology  Zip (Up to 750-MB capacity) like a CD  Jaz (2-GB capacity) good for small network or PC but the cost is high, ~ $125 per cartridge or 6 cents per MB which is expensive.  Proprietary technology  Zip (Up to 750-MB capacity) like a CD  Jaz (2-GB capacity) good for small network or PC but the cost is high, ~ $125 per cartridge or 6 cents per MB which is expensive.

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA8 MAGNETIC TAPE DRIVES  Use single or double spool magnetic cartridges  Low cost per megabyte  Large capacity  - Most commonly used Hardware B/U device  - fast, large capacity, archive for extended periods  - low cost per MB ~.5 cents/MB or lower  - higher speed & capacity = higher cost  - compress 2:1 exe, 8:1 GIF,JPG, 1.1 prev comp.  Use single or double spool magnetic cartridges  Low cost per megabyte  Large capacity  - Most commonly used Hardware B/U device  - fast, large capacity, archive for extended periods  - low cost per MB ~.5 cents/MB or lower  - higher speed & capacity = higher cost  - compress 2:1 exe, 8:1 GIF,JPG, 1.1 prev comp.

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA9 AUTOCHANGERS  Reduce the need for manual intervention in backups cost can be high  Allow you to back up more data  Preserves investment in media  - use - large network, constantly changing data and/or when you have a small time window  - common “jukebox” media is magnetic tape, optical disk and CD are available…..cost /MB  Keeps a tape index  Reduce the need for manual intervention in backups cost can be high  Allow you to back up more data  Preserves investment in media  - use - large network, constantly changing data and/or when you have a small time window  - common “jukebox” media is magnetic tape, optical disk and CD are available…..cost /MB  Keeps a tape index

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA10 SELECTING A DRIVE INTERFACE  IDE Integrated Device Electronics  Inexpensive  Performance degrades drastically when using more than one device per channel  SCSI Small Computer System Interface  Faster than IDE, more suited to writing continuous streams of data usually used in high end networks  Might require additional host bus adapter (controller)  Also USB and IEEE1394 (firewire)  SATA  IDE Integrated Device Electronics  Inexpensive  Performance degrades drastically when using more than one device per channel  SCSI Small Computer System Interface  Faster than IDE, more suited to writing continuous streams of data usually used in high end networks  Might require additional host bus adapter (controller)  Also USB and IEEE1394 (firewire)  SATA

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA11 SCSI devices can read and write simultaneously, where IDE devices when sharing a channel operate one at a time BACKUP SOFTWARE Included with windows Server 2003 is ….  Windows Server 2003 Backup provides basic functionality … for single system B/U  - for advanced features to effectively B/U a complex network environment use…  Third-party software (Veritas Backup Exec, BrightStor ARCserve Backup) Included with windows Server 2003 is ….  Windows Server 2003 Backup provides basic functionality … for single system B/U  - for advanced features to effectively B/U a complex network environment use…  Third-party software (Veritas Backup Exec, BrightStor ARCserve Backup)

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA12 USING TREE SELECTION demo B/U program

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA13 TARGET SELECTION  Anything that is to be backed up is considered a backup target, including:  Single file or folder  Entire drive  Entire system  Another system on the network  Anything that is to be backed up is considered a backup target, including:  Single file or folder  Entire drive  Entire system  Another system on the network

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA14 USING FILTERS  Filter on file creation date/time, size, or type  Allows you to perform customized backups  Can reduce the time needed to back up and the amount of media required  - Windows has an exclusive filter, meaning you can exclude file types from a scheduled B/U and an inclusive filter called an archive attribute flag to accomplish incremental and differential B/U …. i.e. files that have changed since the last B/U  - Demo file attribute “flag” used  Filter on file creation date/time, size, or type  Allows you to perform customized backups  Can reduce the time needed to back up and the amount of media required  - Windows has an exclusive filter, meaning you can exclude file types from a scheduled B/U and an inclusive filter called an archive attribute flag to accomplish incremental and differential B/U …. i.e. files that have changed since the last B/U  - Demo file attribute “flag” used

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA15 BACKUP JOB TYPES: usually pre set filter combinations NORMAL  Backs up all files that you select  Clears the archive bit  Can require large data storage capacity NORMAL  Backs up all files that you select  Clears the archive bit  Can require large data storage capacity

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA16 BACKUP JOB TYPES: INCREMENTAL  Backs up only files that have been modified or created since the last full or incremental backup  Clears the archive bit  Can require considerably less storage space than a normal backup  Backs up only files that have been modified or created since the last full or incremental backup  Clears the archive bit  Can require considerably less storage space than a normal backup

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA17 BACKUP JOB TYPES: DIFFERENTIAL  Backs up only files that have been modified or created since the last full or incremental backup  Does not clear the archive bit  Can require considerably less storage space than a normal backup  Backs up only files that have been modified or created since the last full or incremental backup  Does not clear the archive bit  Can require considerably less storage space than a normal backup

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA18 COPY JOBS AND DAILY JOBS  Copy job  Backs up all files irrespective of archive bit status  Does not change archive bit status  Daily job  Backs up files based on today's date  Does not change archive bit status  Copy job  Backs up all files irrespective of archive bit status  Does not change archive bit status  Daily job  Backs up files based on today's date  Does not change archive bit status

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA19 SPECIFYING A BACKUP JOB TYPE The most basic type of B/U job is a full B/U. This is a Normal B/U in Windows 2003 and will copy the entire set of selected targets. Can be impractical … see page 104. Watch your terminology

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA20 Overview of Data Backup and Restoration  The Goal of Backing Up Data Is to Restore Data If It Is Lost  Permissions and User Rights Are Required to Back Up and Restore Data  The Goal of Backing Up Data Is to Restore Data If It Is Lost  Permissions and User Rights Are Required to Back Up and Restore Data Data BackupBackup Data Corruption RestoreRestore Data

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA21 Backing Up System State Data Registry CS* Class Registration Database System Startup Files Certificate Services Database DC ** ComponentComponent Server *** Active Directory Sysvol Folder XPXP * CSComponent Services ** DCA domain controller running Windows 2003 Server *** Server A computer running Windows 2003 Server that is also a certificate server * CSComponent Services ** DCA domain controller running Windows 2003 Server *** Server A computer running Windows 2003 Server that is also a certificate server

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA22 Backup Types TypeType Normal Backs up Selected files and folders Clears marker Yes Copy Selected files and folders No Differential Selected files and folders that changed since the last backup No Incremental Selected files and folders that changed since the last backup Yes Daily Selected files and folders that changed during the day No

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA23 Example Backup Schedules Normal (Clears Markers) N Incremental (Clears Markers) I Differential D Copy CMondayMondayTuesdayTuesdayWednesdayWednesdayThursdayThursdayFridayFriday NDDDD Example 1 NDDD Example 3 CD NIIII Example 2

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA24 JOB SCHEDULING  Allows backups to be performed during off-hours  Reduces potential for administrative error  Automated B/U’s are fully unattended not all B/U programs supplied with OS’s support scheduling, all Network B/U Software does.  Make sure your media can hold all of the B/U data from a scheduled job, or you will be there at night (periods of no/low network activity) to change the media  Allows backups to be performed during off-hours  Reduces potential for administrative error  Automated B/U’s are fully unattended not all B/U programs supplied with OS’s support scheduling, all Network B/U Software does.  Make sure your media can hold all of the B/U data from a scheduled job, or you will be there at night (periods of no/low network activity) to change the media

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA25 MAINTAINING BACKUP LOGS Detailed  Includes name and size of every file backed up  In most cases this is not necessary, too large of a log file Summary  Errors, number of files backed up, amount of data backed up some products can generate error alerts None  No logging, not even of error messages Detailed  Includes name and size of every file backed up  In most cases this is not necessary, too large of a log file Summary  Errors, number of files backed up, amount of data backed up some products can generate error alerts None  No logging, not even of error messages

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA26 CATALOGING  Allows backup software to keep track of what file is on what tape  Eliminates the need for administrators to remember detailed information about the contents of a tape  Can be stored on the system hosting the backup software or the tape  Some B/U software keeps a “Backup Database” of file info both on the computer hosting the B/U software and, on the tape itself.  Allows backup software to keep track of what file is on what tape  Eliminates the need for administrators to remember detailed information about the contents of a tape  Can be stored on the system hosting the backup software or the tape  Some B/U software keeps a “Backup Database” of file info both on the computer hosting the B/U software and, on the tape itself.

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA27 MEDIA ROTATION  Provides a method to retain backups for a given period  Prevents overuse of media Common rotation methods include:  Grandfather-Father-Son (Monthly, Weekly, Daily)  Tower of Hanoi (see handout)  Provides a method to retain backups for a given period  Prevents overuse of media Common rotation methods include:  Grandfather-Father-Son (Monthly, Weekly, Daily)  Tower of Hanoi (see handout)

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA28 DEVICE CONFIGURATION Tape formatting  Prepares a new or used tape for data storage Tape erasing  Removes all data from the tape Tape retensioning  Mechanism to ensure that a tape has the proper tension Compression (Hardware compression more desirable than software compression)  Data compression that can often double the amount of data written to a tape, with little or no performance impact Tape formatting  Prepares a new or used tape for data storage Tape erasing  Removes all data from the tape Tape retensioning  Mechanism to ensure that a tape has the proper tension Compression (Hardware compression more desirable than software compression)  Data compression that can often double the amount of data written to a tape, with little or no performance impact

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA29 PERFORMING RESTORES  Complexity depends on backup cycle in use (full, incremental, differential).  Amount of time depends on volume of data to be restored.  Periodic restores should be performed to test integrity of backups.  Some backup products have additional add on components called AGENTS, to back up live databases, backup other operating systems  You cannot back up the System State on a computer other than the one running the backup program -- no remote SysState B/U unless you install an AGENT software component to allow the B/U server to connect with the remote system and download the operating system elements  You may need different agents for different platforms  Complexity depends on backup cycle in use (full, incremental, differential).  Amount of time depends on volume of data to be restored.  Periodic restores should be performed to test integrity of backups.  Some backup products have additional add on components called AGENTS, to back up live databases, backup other operating systems  You cannot back up the System State on a computer other than the one running the backup program -- no remote SysState B/U unless you install an AGENT software component to allow the B/U server to connect with the remote system and download the operating system elements  You may need different agents for different platforms

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA30 RESTORING FULL BACKUPS  Easiest of all backup methods to restore  Restores latest full backup  Easiest of all backup methods to restore  Restores latest full backup

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA31 RESTORING FULL AND INCREMENTAL BACKUPS  Restores the latest full backup  Restores incremental backups from oldest to most recent  Number of restore steps depends on the time since the last full backup  Restores the latest full backup  Restores incremental backups from oldest to most recent  Number of restore steps depends on the time since the last full backup

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA32 RESTORING FULL AND DIFFERENTIAL BACKUPS  Restores the latest full backup  Restores the latest differential backup  Only two restore steps are required  Restores the latest full backup  Restores the latest differential backup  Only two restore steps are required

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA33 DISASTER RECOVERY ASR for OS page 116

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA34 BACKUP SECURITY  Create specific user account for backups  Password-protect tapes  Store and transport tapes securely  Create specific user account for backups  Password-protect tapes  Store and transport tapes securely

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA35 USING WINDOWS SERVER 2003 BACKUP

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA36 VOLUME SHADOW COPY VSS  Periodically saves copies of files  Can be used to restore previous versions of a file  Available only in Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP  Also used by Windows Server 2003 Backup to make copies of open files  Maintains a library of versions of selected files, they must be shared  Minimum disk space required for VSS is 100 MB for the “snapshots”  Server 2003 makes 2 copies daily by default, you can modify this  On XP machines, install the client to get “previous versions” tab on the network access share windows\system32\clients\twclient\x86\twcli32.msi  Periodically saves copies of files  Can be used to restore previous versions of a file  Available only in Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP  Also used by Windows Server 2003 Backup to make copies of open files  Maintains a library of versions of selected files, they must be shared  Minimum disk space required for VSS is 100 MB for the “snapshots”  Server 2003 makes 2 copies daily by default, you can modify this  On XP machines, install the client to get “previous versions” tab on the network access share windows\system32\clients\twclient\x86\twcli32.msi

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA37 ENABLING VOLUME SHADOW COPY DEMO

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA38 BACKING UP ACTIVE DIRECTORY

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA39 RESTORING ACTIVE DIRECTORY  Can only be performed through Directory Services Restore Mode Nonauthoritative restore  Used to rebuild a domain controller that has been damaged, using the latest Active Directory information from your other domain controllers Authoritative restore  Used when you want to recover Active Directory objects that have been accidentally deleted using a System State backup  Can only be performed through Directory Services Restore Mode Nonauthoritative restore  Used to rebuild a domain controller that has been damaged, using the latest Active Directory information from your other domain controllers Authoritative restore  Used when you want to recover Active Directory objects that have been accidentally deleted using a System State backup

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA40 SUMMARY  A network backup solution consists of backup hardware, backup software, and a plan for using them.  Incremental and differential backup jobs use the archive bit to determine what files need to be backed up.  Network backup software enables you to back up data from computers anywhere on the network.  Volume shadow copy enables users to access copies of files they have accidentally deleted or damaged.  In Windows Server 2003 Backup, the System State object provides an easy way to back up Active Directory.  Active Directory can be restored only through Directory Services Restore Mode.  A network backup solution consists of backup hardware, backup software, and a plan for using them.  Incremental and differential backup jobs use the archive bit to determine what files need to be backed up.  Network backup software enables you to back up data from computers anywhere on the network.  Volume shadow copy enables users to access copies of files they have accidentally deleted or damaged.  In Windows Server 2003 Backup, the System State object provides an easy way to back up Active Directory.  Active Directory can be restored only through Directory Services Restore Mode.