Matter xRocks ?Baby powder ?Milk ? Air ?Light ?Dust Love xCells ?Atoms ?Stars ?Gravity Magnetic force ? dissolved sugar ?Electricity ?Fire ?Smoke xMars xSalt xJupiter ?Steam ?Rotten apples ?Heat ?Sound waves ?Water ? Bacteria ?Oxygen

Matter See & touch Touch, feel, shape, made of atoms Anything that has mass & takes up space Anything that takes up space & is tangible The atomic structure of an object

Matter vs energy Matter is anything that has mass & takes up space Energy, forces, emotions, ideas

Compound/Molecules Compound – 2 or more elements, held together with chemical bonds, the only way to separate the atoms is to break bonds MOLECULES are the smallest pieces of compounds

Mixture vs compound Mixture – 2 or more substances, unmix without a chemical reaction Air, salad Compound – 2 or more elements, held together with chemical bonds, the only way to separate the atoms is to break bonds MOLECULES Sugar, water

What is chemistry? Why do we study it in Earth Science?

Warm up What is the smallest amount of gold, or other element, that has all the same properties?

hw Test 3 things (choose) Chromatography Water, rubbing alcohol needs parental supervision Fruit, vegetables, candy, juice, soda Describe what happened

Study chromatograph Which pen

chromatography Separates a mixture Need a solvent 4 water based pens, water was the solvent 2 permanent pens, water did not work as a solvent 1 ball point pen

Which ink traveled farthest? Which ink separated into the most colors? Which ink did not separate? Why did they behave differently? Molecules

With your microscopic eyes, you can see what pen ink molecules, paper molecules and water molecules look like. Draw a model of how the molecules might be shaped. This model should explain why some ink molecules travel further than others. Jot down notes about what parts of chromatography or the model you are unsure of.

Lab Report Include Title Evidence and test results Guilty suspects (or not) Explain chromatography Model

lemonade A. between g - B. between g - 11 C. 230 g - D. 280 g - 6 E. 255 g – 1

HOW DO I KNOW IF A CHEMICAL REACTION OR CHEMICAL CHANGE HAS TAKEN PLACE? glow stick – can’t separate chemicals, produces light Rockets – can’t separate chemicals, gas produced, fizz, pop Vinegar/baking soda Ice packs – absorbs heat

Properties Physical - color, size, ability to melt, ability to rip, bend Chemical – flammable, oxidizes, tarnishes

Physical vs chemical changes Chemical reaction/change – rearranging bonds to form different arrangements of atoms and molecules Physical change ? –Melting –Freezing –Mixing/unmixing

Symbols Always: 1 st letter upper case, 2 nd lower case Hydrogen – HCalcium - Ca Carbon - CIron - Fe Nitrogen - NSilver - Ag Oxygen - OGold - Au Sodium - NaLead - Pb Silicon - SiUranium - U Sulfur - SHelium – He Chlorine - ClNickel - Ni

Warm up How do you know if a chemical reaction has occurred?

Absolute 0 –No molecular movement –0 Kelvin –(-273 C) –solid

States of Matter Solid – slight molecular motion –Shape and volume are set, low KE Liquid –Med KE, assumes shape, holds volume Gas –High KE, assumes shape & vol

Phase change Ice H2O Water H2O gas H2O Solid, liquid or gas A phase change is when the state of matter goes from one state to another i.e. liquid to gas (evaporation)

Warm up A. Small ice cubes freeze at a higher temperature than large ice cubes B. Large ice cubes freeze at a higher temperature than small ice cubes C. All ice cubes freeze at the same temperature

Warm up Why don’t all elements behave the same?

element All the atoms are of the same kind – Silver ring – all of the atoms are silver atoms List of elements or types can be found on the periodic table

Chemistry Atomic number = number of protons Atomic mass = sum protons + neutrons Neutral atom, protons = electrons Carbon always has 6 protons, Proton +charge Neutron neutral Electron -charge

ions Ion: protons not = electrons, charged particle Form when electrons are lost or gained to fill/empty outer shell

electrons Shells/energy levels 2, 8, 8 Fill inside first and then out from nucleus Don’t want to be in semi-full shells, prefer full or empty Form bonds holding molecules/compounds together

Periodic Table A grouping of elements by similarities Families (vertical columns) similar chemical characteristics same number of electrons in outermost shell Rows –horizontal/ periods Same number of shell

Isotopes – differ atomic mass (neutrons) Protons same Carbon Carbon 12, 6 p, 6 n, 6e Carbon 14, 6p, 8n, 6e

cubes same – shape, dimensions, volume – capacity or the amount of space that something occupies Different –mass, amount of matter Density – how “packed” something is D=mass/volume=m/v

Warm up Draw an atom of oxygen and of hydrogen. How are they alike / different?

Test over chemistry Multiple choice – 15 to20 questions Name 10 of the following symbols. Show how the density changes in each state of matter Identify the information from the periodic table. Apply or explain labs other open response.