Science Chapter 11

 Matter is anything that takes up space. Ice, water, clouds, and even AIR are all matter.  AIR is matter you can not see! Even YOU are matter!  Anything that you can observe about matter by using your senses is a PHYSICAL PROPERTY. Sight- size, color Hearing- ringing, rustling Touch- ice is cold, fire is hot Smell- baking bread, rotting garbage Taste- sweet, salty, sour, bitter

 Another property of matter is MASS.  Mass is the amount of matter in something.  You can measure mass by using a BALANCE.  Suppose you have some apple slices. You know their mass. You also have some orange slices. You know their mass, too. If you mix them together to make a fruit salad, you can find the mass of your fruit salad without using a balance….JUST ADD THE MASS OF THE APPLES AND ORANGES TOGETHER!

 Another physical property of matter is VOLUME.  Volume is the amount of space matter takes up.  DENSITY is also a property of matter.  Density is the mass of matter compared to its volume.  If you have two identical boxes. One box is completely filled with feathers. The other box is completely filled with rocks. The boxes have the SAME VOLUME because they take up the same amount of space (both boxes are filled), but the box of rocks has more mass. ROCKS HAVE A GREATER DENSITY THAN FEATHERS!

 How well an object floats is also a physical property.  Steel bars SINK. Steel boats FLOAT!  Why? MATTER THAT IS LESS DENSE THAN WATER FLOATS.  If you changed the shape of the steel bar so that is was shaped more like a boat, IT WOULD FLOAT! So would a plastic foam board sink or float?

 There are 3 states of matter:  SOLID, LIQUID, and GAS  A solid is matter with a volume AND shape that stay the same. It stays solid unless something like heat changes it.  A liquid is matter that has a volume that stays the same BUT a shape that can change. A liquid takes the shape of whatever container it is in.  A gas has NO definite shape OR volume. It takes up all the space in a container.

 States of matter can change.  Heat can change a solid to a liquid and a liquid to a gas! Ice is SOLID. When it is heated up, it melts and becomes a LIQUID. If it continues to heat up, it moves into the air as a GAS, but it’s still water.  The process of water moving into the air is EVAPORATION.  When a gas cools, it changes back into a liquid. (morning dew) (rain)  The process of gas changing into a liquid is CONDENSATION.

 Changes in matter that don’t form new kinds of matter are PHYSICAL CHANGES.  Cutting paper  Knitting a wool cap  Making a MIXTURE or SOLUTION  A MIXTURE is a substance that is made up of two or more kinds of matter.  The parts of a mixture can be separated. For example, you can separate sand from water and cereal from milk.  A SOLUTION is a mixture in which different kinds of matter mix evenly.  The parts of a solution can not be separated. For example, you can’t separate sugar that has dissolved into water.  Changes that form different kinds of matter are CHEMICAL CHANGES.  Cooking  Burning wood