Clauses & Sentence Types (What your parents never taught you about the Clauses.) about the Clauses.)

INDEPENDENT CLAUSES a group of words that has a subject and verb that expresses a complete thought DOES make sense by itself  think of what the word “ Independent ” stands for - it can be all by itself Examples : He cannot believe the news. The dog barks loudly. It starts every day.

DEPENDENT CLAUSES does NOT make sense by itself (Sentence fragments) a group of words that joins with an independent clause to create a complete thought think of “ depending ” - it reminds you that it needs to lean on or depend on something else to fully work ALWAYS begin with a subordinating conjunction OR a relative pronoun Examples : Because she was hungry. Who is very pretty. Which I rescued from the shelter.

DEPENDENT CLAUSES SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS - joins or connects a clause for more information (*MUST have a S/V after it!) After, since, before, while, because, although, so that, if, when, whenever, as, even though, until, unless, etc. RELATIVE PRONOUNS - introduces clauses that RELATE additional information about a noun That, which, whom, who, whose, etc. Examples: Because she was hungry. Before we go out tonight. Examples: Who is very pretty. Which has the biggest pool ever!

NOW, YOU TRY… She cannot understand that I need to study three hours for a test. The dog barks loudly when any cars drive by the house. My best friend, who is very kind and nice to me, lives next door.

TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES ADJECTIVE CLAUSE - a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun Example: The flag, which was created in 1847, is striped. (The underlined information is a clause that describes flag- a noun.)

TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES ADVERB CLAUSE - a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective or adverb answers where, when, why, in what way, to what extent, under what condition Example: We saluted because the flag had been raised. (The underlined information is a clause that describes saluted- a verb.)

TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES NOUN CLAUSE - a subordinate clause that acts as a noun often begin with the words that, which, who, whom, whose, what, whatever Example: She could not describe which Scandinavian flag was her favorite. (The underlined clause acts as a noun for the sentence.)

Standing on a ladder, I slipped and broke a window. Article (2), common nouns (2), nominative pronoun, action verb (2), coordinating conjunction, preposition participle Use your WHITE notes!

Standing on a ladder, I slipped and broke a window. Subject, transitive verb, intransitive verb, direct object, participle phrase, object of participle phrase Use your BLUE notes!

Standing on a ladder, I slipped and broke a window. Underline any INDEPENDENT CLAUSES Underline DEPENDENT CLAUSES twice and identify if it is an adverb dependent, adjective dependent, or noun dependent. Use your PINK notes!

The four guys, who worked hard to finish their project, received extra credit. Underline any INDEPENDENT CLAUSES Underline DEPENDENT CLAUSES twice and identify if it is an adverb dependent, adjective dependent, or noun dependent. Use your PINK notes!