CLAUSES Grammar, Yay!

Main Clauses Clause – Group of words that has a subject and a predicate and that is used as part of a sentence. Main clauses or independent clauses Subordinate clauses or dependent clauses Main Clause – has subject and predicate and can stand alone as a sentence Stories entertain, and people listen Subject Verb Subject Verb

Subordinate Clauses Has a subject and a predicate, but cannot stand alone. Must be attached to a main clause Many begin with subordinating conjunctions or relative pronouns. Stories entertain because they are amusing. Stories that entertain amuse people Main Clause Subordinate Clause Subject Verb Subject Verb Main Clause Subordinate Clause

Subordinating Conjunctions After how till ( or 'til) although if unless as inasmuch   until As in order that When as long as lest whenever as much as Now that where as soon as provided (that)   wherever as though since while because so that before than even if that Even though though

Relative Pronouns Who Whom That Which whoever whomever whichever

Simple and Compound Sentences Simple Sentence – Has one main clause and no sub. clauses Stories entertain. Stories and riddles entertain. Stories and riddles entertain and amuse. Stories about the Old West entertain adults and children alike. Compound Sentence – two or more main clauses Usually joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) Semicolons may also be used. Stories entertain, and riddles amuse. Stories entertain, and riddles amuse, but poems delight. Few wild animals live in China’s densely populated plains; in remoter areas, wildlife is abundant.

Complex and Compound Complex Complex - has one main clause and one or more sub. Clauses I like Toni Cade Bambara’s stories because they have real-life characters. Compound-Complex – has two or more main clauses and at least one subordinate clause. I read Frankenstein, which was written by Mary Shelley, and I wrote a report about it.

Sentence Fragments Error that occurs when an incomplete sentence is punctuated as though it were a complete sentence. Look for sentences lacking a subject! Look for sentences lacking a predicate or verb! Make sure you do not have a subordinate clause as a complete sentence.

Sentence Fragments To correct: Join it to a main clause that comes before or after the fragment You may have to add words to complete the sentence. Woodpeckers ate suet from my bird feeder last winter. Seemed to be particularly fond of it. A large bird with blue feathers eating from the feeder for weeks. I filled the feeder with sunflower seeds. Which both the jays and the cardinals seem to like.

Run-ons Two or more complete sentences put together as though they were one complete sentence Tanya and Naoko are both going to work as a camp counselors this summer, they are looking forward to the experience.