Contain both a subject and a predicate Independent Clause has a subject & verb complete thought Dependent/Subordinate Clause Has subject & verb Not a complete thought Must be part of an independent clause or it is a fragment Adjectival Clause Preceded by relative pronoun Adverbial Clause Preceded by subordinating conjunction Noun Clause Preceded by noun clause identifier

 has subject and a verb  expresses a complete thought  a.k.a main clause Mrs. Boyd lost her book. She found it in her car. Mrs. Boyd lost her book, but she found it in her car. S S V V

 has subject and a verb  does NOT express a complete thought  modifies verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs  introduced by a subordinating conjunction afterbeforeunless althoughifuntil asin order thatwhen as ifsincewhenever as long asso thatwhere as soon asthanwherever becausethoughwhile

Mrs. Boyd lost her book, Although she found it in her car. V V S S

 has a subject and verb  is NOT a complete thought  modifies nouns and pronouns  introduced by relative pronoun who, whom, whose, which, that, whoever, whomever, whosever, etc. Mrs. Boyd is the teacher who lost her book. S V

 has subject and verb  NOT a complete thought  functions as a noun  introduced by noun clause indentifier that, whether, what, who, whoever, whose, where, why, etc. I know that he will find them. S VS V DO