Relationships: Population Studies In 1999, 600 million children in the world lived in poverty – 50 million more than in 1990 United Nations

Do you know? According to papers published by the United States Census Bureau, the world population hit 6.5 billion (6,500,000,000) on February 25, It is estimated that by 2012, the Earth will be home to 7 billion. The United Nations Population Fund designated October 12, 1999 as the approximate day on which world population reached 6 billion. This was about 12 years after world population reached 5 billion, in In 2007 the United Nations Population Division projected that the world's population will likely surpass 9 billion in The last 50 years have seen a rapid increase in population due to medical advances and substantial increase in agricultural productivity, particularly in the period 1960 to 1995 made by the Green Revolution. (Source: Wikipedia)

World Population at billion Now? Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)

Top 10 countries with largest population (millions) – China India U.S Indonesia Brazil Pakistan Bangladesh Nigeria Russia Japan Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)

Birth Rate and Death Rate (per day) In one day all over the world, an estimated 369,755 people are born and 150,835 die. 218,920 people are added to the global population daily o/ o/ Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)

Rural Urban Migration Urban populations continue to expand, adding pressure to resources and the environment Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)

Top 10 most densely populated countries and territories (humans/sq km) 1.Monaco Macau Singapore Hong Kong Gibraltar Vatican City Malta Maldives Bermuda Bahrain 1080 Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)

Why study Population? How land is used The amount of pressure on natural resources PLANNING – how govt formulate policies How people interact with one another

Terminologies

Terminologies Birth rate (BR) Number of live births per 1000 people in the population per year X per thousand What are the reasons for low and high BR? Death rate (DR) Number of deaths per 1000 people in the population per year Y per thousand What are the reasons for high and low DR?

Terminologies Infant Mortality (IM) Infant Mortality (IM) Number of infants who die before reaching one year of age per 1000 live births per year Number of infants who die before reaching one year of age per 1000 live births per year Natural increase (NI)/rate of natural increase Natural increase (NI)/rate of natural increase NI = BR – DR (per thousand) NI = BR – DR (per thousand) NI is +ve means … NI is +ve means … NI is –ve means … NI is –ve means …

Terminologies Replacement level Replacement level It is the level of fertility at which a given population is replacing itself It is the level of fertility at which a given population is replacing itself Life expectancy (LE) Life expectancy (LE) No of years a person is expected to live from time to time No of years a person is expected to live from time to time Dependency Ratio Dependency Ratio o the ratio of the number of economically non-active to the number of economically active people in the country o 1 : 2 means …1 : 5 means …Implications …?

How long are you expected to live?

Total Population Change TOTAL POPULATION CHANGE Birth Rate Death Rate Immigration Emigration Population Growth = natural increase + net migration Population Growth = natural increase + net migration

Population Explosion

World’s Population Trend

Regional Population Trend

Population Explosion Until about 200 years ago, population growth was slow. Since then, there had been an enormous increase (previous graph). Population Explosion : sudden and great increase in world’s population. Rate of increase has become exponential. Check out the world population clock at

Pair share Suggest reasons for high birth rates

Causes High BR - Parents want children for labour especially in agricultural societies to look after them in old age to continue the family name for added status in the community to replace children who have died (high infant mortality rate)

Pair share Suggest reasons for low death rates

Causes Low DR clean water is available access to food supply improve hygiene and sanitation better vaccinations and healthcare rising standards of living