NODOS Sacramento River Sediment Transport Characteristics- Implications for NODOS River Diversions to Sites Reservoir

North Of Delta Offstream Storage November through March diversions from the Sacramento River. Diversions will occur when sediment and flows are high. Three diversion points in the present formulation, the TCCA, GCID, and New Delevan Pipeline and Pumping Plant. Delevan will both divert water from river and release water when needed.

LOCATION MAP OF THE UPPER SACRAMENTO VALLEY

PROPOSED DIVERSIONS TO SITES RESERVOIR

OUTLINE TYPES OF SEDIMENT SEDIMENT SOURCES SACRAMENTO RIVER SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS PROPOSED DIVERSIONS SYNOPTIC SAMPLING PROGRAM SEDIMENT IN PROPOSED SITES DIVERSIONS

SUSPENDED SEDIMENT LOAD AND BEDLOAD “Suspended load is the amount of sediment transported in suspension. It is separate from bedload, which moves along the bottom. The amount of suspended sediment is dependent on the sources, and the ability of the river to maintain the sediment in suspension. On the Sacramento River, the relation between streamflow and suspended sediment is mostly due to dams and watershed characteristics and not carrying capacity. Bedload is dependent on the ability of the stream to transport the particle sizes in the streambed.”

BEDLOAD May deposit at the entrance. May plug or cover fish screens. May divert streamflow and cause the river to meander away from the intakes. Ongoing problem at the GCID and M&T facilities.

SUSPENDED LOAD Enters the forebay, where some of the load deposits. Most of the suspended sediment will go through the pumps and deposit in afterbays, canals, and reservoirs.

SUSPENDED SEDIMENT SOURCES RESERVOIR OUTFLOW TRIBUTARY WATERSHEDS SACRAMENTO RIVER BANK EROSION

SACRAMENTO RIVER SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS- WARNING!!!!!!! SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CURVES ALL SCREWED UP ABNORMAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT POOR CORRELATIONS BETWEEN FLOW AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT PRIMARILY DUE TO DAMS AND BANK EROSION

SHASTA AND KESWICK ON THE SACRAMENTO RIVER WHISKEYTOWN ON CLEAR CREEK BLACK BUTTE ON STONY CREEK OROVILLE ON THE FEATHER RIVER ENGLEBRIGHT ON THE YUBA NEW CAMP FAR WEST ON BEAR RIVER FOLSOM ON THE AMERICAN SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS- LARGE DAMS

SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS- TRIBUTARY WATERSHEDS SEDIMENT IN RIVER PRIMARILY FROM UN- DAMMED TRIBUTARIES HUMAN ACTIVITIES SUCH AS LAND USE, ROADS, MINING, TIMBER HARVESTING ETC. FLOODS AND FIRES LANDSLIDE DE-STABILIZATION EVENTS BANK STABILIZATION SUCH AS ROCK RIPRAP EASTSIDE VERSUS WESTSIDE

SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS- EARLY SEASON STORMS LAKE SHASTA FILLING TRIBUTARIES MAIN CONTRIBUTOR OF SEDIMENT WITH MINOR DILUTION FROM RESERVOIR RIVER HAS HIGH SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION WITH LOW TO MODERATE FLOW MORE SEDIMENT ON RISING LIMB

SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS- MID-TO-LATE SEASON STORMS HIGH SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION ON RISING LIMB FROM TRIBUTARIES SEDIMENT-FREE SHASTA FLOOD RELEASES REDUCE FALLING LIMB SEDIMENT

DRY-NORMAL-WET YEARS DRY– NO DAM FLOOD RELEASES AND MINIMUM FLOWS FROM DAM. MINIMAL SEDIMENT IN RIVER. NORMAL- FLOOD RELEASES NEAR END OF SEASON. MODERATE SEDIMENT. WET- FLOOD RELEASES MORE COMMON. HIGH SEDIMENT IN RIVER FROM TRIBUTARIES AND BANK EROSION. LOW FROM DAM RELEASES.

ANNUAL FLOW

RESULT NEED TO KNOW THE SYSTEM EXPECT LONG-TERM CHANGES NEED TO ACCOUNT FOR SHASTA DAM OPERATION NEED TO KNOW THE TRIBUTARIES SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER CHANGES DOWNSTREAM

STUDY REACH

SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REDDING TO RED BLUFF REACH MUCH MORE sediment when dam releases are low and tributaries are flooding LOWER sediment when releases are high and tributaries subsided NEARLY Sediment-free releases during summer HUGE effect on sediment curves- poor correlation between flow and sediment

COTTONWOOD CREEK But also Cow, Stillwater, Bear, Battle, Clear, not to mention Paynes, Blue Tent, Dibble, Reeds and Red Bank that are below the Bend Gage.

COTTONWOOD CREEK MAJOR SEDIMENT CONTRIBUTOR

RED BLUFF TO COLUSA MORE COMPLEX SINCE IT IS AN ALLUVIAL STREAM WITH BANK EROSION WITHIN A MEANDER BELT FLOOD PLAIN DEPOSITION LEVEES

IMPORTANCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT MORE MOISTURE MEANS MORE WEIGHT WATER LUBRICATES WATER REDUCES SURFACE TENSION BETWEEN CLAY PARTICLES POSITIVE PORE PRESSURE AS RIVER RECEDES RESULTS IN MORE BANK EROSION AND MORE SEDIMENT ON FALLING LIMB

TRIBUTARY SEDIMENT CONTRIBUTION RED BLUFF TO COLUSA EAST SIDE ANTELOPE MILL TOOMES DEER PINE BIG CHICO WEST SIDE RED BANK ELDER THOMES- Another major contributor STONY CREEK- Dams

THOMES CREEK “Thomes Creek has the highest sediment yield per unit area of any Sacramento Valley stream. In December 1964 it produced 67 million tons In a single storm event.”

CONVEYANCES FOR PROPOSED PROJECT TCCA- 2,100 CFS GCID- 1,800 CFS DELEVAN- 2,000 CFS

TCCA RED BLUFF DIVERSION 2100 CFS TO SITES ALONG TEHAMA-COLUSA CANAL. NEW PUMPING PLANT, SCREENS, FOREBAY TO BE COMPLETED IN 2012 WITH 2,500 CFS CAPACITY. NO MORE RBDD. SEDIMENT IN DIVERSION MOSTLY FROM TRIBUTARIES, SOME WHICH ARE NOT GAGED. GREATEST EFFECT ON RIVER GEOMORPHOLOGY

USBR SEDIMENT STUDY TCCA DEPOSITION IN FOREBAY

GCID HAMILTON CITY DIVERSION 1,800 CFS TO SITES ALONG GLENN-COLUSA CANAL PROPOSED TERMINAL REGULATING RESERVOIR PRIOR WATER COMMITMENTS, BUT DIVERSION CAPACITY ABOVE 3,000 CFS SEDIMENT FROM TRIBUTARIES (THOMES CR.) AND BANK EROSION

GCID DIVERSION

DWR PROPOSED DELEVAN PUMPING PLANT 2,000 CFS THROUGH TWIN 12-FOOT DIAMETER PIPELINES TO FUNKS RESERVOIR. BEDLOAD AND SUSPENDED LOAD FROM TRIBUTARIES AND BANK EROSION POTENTIAL BEDLOAD PROBLEM POTENTIAL MINOR MEANDER PROBLEM LEAST EFFECT ON RIVER GEOMORPH

DELEVAN PUMPING PLANT CURRENT DESIGN

DELEVAN PUMPING PLANT SACRAMENTO RIVER MEANDERS

SYNOPTIC SAMPLING PROGRAM SINGLE DEPTH-INTEGRATED SAMPLES USING USGS D-48 SUSPENDED SEDIMENT SAMPLER 2001 TO 2003 STORM EVENTS SAMPLED SAMPLED AT TCCA, GCID, AND DELEVAN DIVERSION SITES COMPARED TO USGS GAGING STATION DATA

PURPOSE OF SAMPLING COMPARE TO USGS GAGE DATA SAME ORDER OF MAGNITUDE MORE CONFIDENCE THAT GAGE DATA REPRESENTS SEDIMENT CONDITIONS AT THE DIVERSION POINT ALL SAMPLES PLOTTED WITHIN THE ENVELOPE OF THE USGS GAGE DATA

“FIRST CUT MODELING ANALYSIS” SACRAMENTO RIVER SEDIMENT IN DIVERSIONS NO CALSIM II AVAILABLE SIMPLIFIED ASSUMPTIONS 10,000 CFS FLOW MUST REMAIN IN RIVER PAST DELEVAN BEFORE ANY DIVERSIONS CAN TAKE PLACE SACRAMENTO RIVER DIVERSION FLOW TO TCCA FIRST, THEN GCID, THEN DELEVAN SPREADSHEET CALCULATES MEAN DAILY SEDIMENT AT BEND BRIDGE, HAMILTON CITY, AND BUTTE CITY NOVEMBER 1- MARCH 31 DIVERSION PERIOD 1964 TO WATER YEARS OF DAILY DATA SIMULATED CALCULATES SEDIMENT IN DIVERSION BASED ON FLOW SPLIT BETWEEN RIVER AND DIVERTED AMOUNT SEDIMENT CALCS BASED ON USGS SEDIMENT SAMPLING

MEAN DAILY CALCULATION OF DIVERSION FLOW AND SEDIMENT WINTER DIVERSIONS OF FLOW AND SEDIMENT FOR TCCA, GCID, AND DELEVAN NOVEMBER 1 TO MARCH 31 WATER YEARS 1964 TO 2007 DATEBUTTE CITYTCCA GCID DELEVAN TCCAGCIDDELEVAN FLOW SEDIMENTFLOWSEDIMENTFLOWSEDIMENTNO DIVERSION CFS TONS/DAYCFSTONS/DAYCFSTONS/DAYDAYS 11/1/ /2/ /3/ /4/ /5/ /6/ /7/ /8/ /9/ /10/ /11/ /12/ /13/ /14/ /15/ /16/ /17/ /18/ /19/ /20/ /21/ /22/ /23/ /24/ /25/ /26/ /27/ /28/ /29/ /30/ /1/ /2/ /3/ /4/ /5/ /6/ /7/ /8/ /9/ /10/ /11/ /12/ /13/ /14/ /15/ /16/ /17/ /18/ /19/ /20/ /21/ /22/ /23/ /24/ /25/ /26/ /27/ /28/ /29/ /30/ /31/

OUTPUTS DAILY AMOUNT OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AT THE THREE GAGES AND IN DIVERTED FLOW AT TCCA, GCID AND DELEVAN DAILY DIVERTED STREAM FLOW AT EACH OF THE THREE DIVERSION SITES ANNUAL SEDIMENT IN DIVERSIONS NUMBER OF DIVERSION DAYS

BEND BRIDGE DAM EFFECTS TWO ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE LOW ESTIMATE OF SEDIMENT

USGS SEDIMENT SAMPLING BUTTE CITY LOG-LOG SCATTER PLOTS BEST FIT EQUATION LIMITED DATA DROUGHT “POOR CORRELATION “ “ORDER OF MAGNITUDE”

SIMULATED NODOS WINTER DIVERSIONS NOVEMBER 1 – MARCH 31, 1964 TO 2007 ANNUAL AVERAGES WATERBUTTE CITYTCCA GCID DELEVAN TCCA GCID DELEVAN YEARFLOW SEDIMENT FLOWSEDIMENT FLOWSEDIMENT DIVERSIONNO DIVERSIONDIVERSIONNO DIVERSIONDIVERSIONNO DIVERSION CFS TONSTONS/DAYCFSTONSTONS/DAYCFSTONSTONS/DAYDAYS AVERAGE SUM

TCCA SUMMARY Sediment mostly from tributaries Sediment concentration dependent on where flows coming from Early season storms have high sediment concentration Rising limb of hydrograph carries more sediment Late season storms may have clear water dam releases on the falling limb Bank erosion not a major contributor to TCCA sediment Ungaged Tributaries between Bend gage and TCCA have high sediment yields. THESE DO NOT SHOW UP ON THE BEND GAGE!!!! TCCA sediment probably higher than calculated Moving the pumps above Red Bank Creek will help, but still have Reeds, Dibble, Blue Tent, Paynes Creeks Average flow to Sites during winter diversion 1028 cfs (310,000 AF) Average number of diversion days is 80 out of Average annual sediment is 34,500 tons with a low of 30 (1977) to a high of 143,000 (1983)

GCID SUMMARY Bank erosion major contributor to sediment at GCID. Bedload deposition at inlet may restrict winter flows. Thomes Creek has very high sediment concentrations. Rising limb carries more sediment. Thomes has late season sediment from landslides in wet years that may persist for several months. Bank erosion sediment expected to be higher on falling limb for major storm events. Normally have 6 week downtime in winter for maintenance Average winter diversion is 751 cfs (225,300 AF). Average number of diversion days is 67 out of Average sediment is 65,750 tons, varying from 0 (1977) to 236,500 (1983).

DELEVAN SUMMARY Sediment from bank erosion and tributaries Dam effects reduced by tributaries, distance, and bank erosion. Sediment 3X higher than TCCA High sediment yields should be a major factor in design of Delevan diversion facilities Average winter flow to Sites 747 cfs (224,100 AF) with a low of 0 (1977) and a high of 1881 (1974) Average sediment to Sites is 108,000 tons, with a low of 0 (1977) and a high of 396,000 (1983). Average number of diversion days is 59 out of

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Human changes have affected the balance between erosion and deposition Floods, fires, timber harvesting, and landslides dramatically change sediment yields Dams capture sediment and release flows with low sediment concentrations. Dams also capture winter flow and release during summer. Sediment in diverted flow dependent on where flow is coming from Tributaries have high sediment compared to reservoir releases Sediment concentrations increase downstream Sediment movement changes dramatically from year to year Average annual winter diversion to Sites 2526 cfs (758,000 AF) Average annual yield of three diversions is about 208,000 tons, with a low of 30 (1977) to a high of 775,000.

RECOMMENDATIONS SEDIMENT SHOULD BE A MAJOR CONSIDERATION IN DESIGN OF FACILITIES WITH ENLARGED FOREBAYS OPERATIONAL DESIGN SHOULD INCLUDE SEDIMENT REMOVAL DURING WINTER OPERATIONS VERY LARGE VARIATION IN AMOUNT OF SEDIMENT ENTRAINED FROM YEAR TO YEAR REQUIRES A LARGE SEDIMENT STORAGE AREA. FLEXIBLE FINANCING IS NEEDED SINCE O&M COSTS WILL VARY HUGELY FROM YEAR TO YEAR SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION SHOULD BE USED AS A FACTOR IN FORMULATING WHEN DIVERSIONS OCCUR

NEXT STEP INTEGRATE LATEST NMFS BO AND OCAP INTO ANALYSIS USE LATEST CALSIM II (USRDOM) FLOW ANALYSES OF FUTURE CONDITIONS COORDINATE WITH USBR DENVER OFFICE

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