Elements & Principles of Design

Elements of Design The Designer uses the following Elements of Design The Designer uses the following Elements of Design Space Line Shape Form Colour Value Texture Can you think of words to describe what you see to the right?

Space Is the area the artist works on. Is the area the artist works on. It can be paper, clay, canvas, walls, etc. It can be paper, clay, canvas, walls, etc. It has two characteristics: It has two characteristics: positive … the object positive … the object negative … the voided area surrounding the object. negative … the voided area surrounding the object.

Line Is a continuous mark. Is a continuous mark. It has five characteristics: It has five characteristics: length length width width curvature curvature depth depth texture texture Line

Shape Is an enclosed line. Is an enclosed line. It has height and width and is usually considered flat…2-D. It has height and width and is usually considered flat…2-D. There are four basic shapes There are four basic shapes circle circle square square rectangle rectangle triangle triangle

Form Is two or more shapes combined. Is two or more shapes combined. It had height, width, and depth. It had height, width, and depth. It is considered 3-D and you usually can walk around and/or through it. It is considered 3-D and you usually can walk around and/or through it. There are four forms There are four forms Sphere Sphere Cone Cone Cylinder Cylinder Cubes Cubes

Colour Hue is another word for colour. Hue is another word for colour. There are: There are: 3 Primary colors 3 Primary colors 3 Secondary colors 3 Secondary colors 6 Intermediate colors 6 Intermediate colors placed evenly around the basic colour wheel.

Primary Colours * Yellow is at 4 o’clock * Blue is at 8 o’clock * Red is at 12 o’clock Placed every fourth space away. Placed every fourth space away. These cannot be made by combining other colours. These cannot be made by combining other colours.

Secondary Colours The formula for a Secondary is P + P = S The formula for a Secondary is P + P = S Red + Yellow = Orange at 2 o’clock Yellow + Blue = Green at 6 o’clock Blue + Red = Violet at 10 o’clock

Intermediate Colours The formula for an Intermediate colour is P+S = I The formula for an Intermediate colour is P+S = I R+O = RED ORANGE at 1 o’clock R+O = RED ORANGE at 1 o’clock Y+O = YELLOW ORANGE at 3 o’clock Y+O = YELLOW ORANGE at 3 o’clock Y+G = YELLOW GREEN at 5 o’clock Y+G = YELLOW GREEN at 5 o’clock B+G = BLUE GREEN at 7 o’clock B+G = BLUE GREEN at 7 o’clock B+V = BLUE VIOLET at 9 o’clock B+V = BLUE VIOLET at 9 o’clock R+V = RED VIOLET at 11 o’clock R+V = RED VIOLET at 11 o’clock

Tertiary Mixing two secondary colours together create browns Mixing two secondary colours together create browns –Orange + Green = Yellow Brown (Amber) –Green + Violet = Green Brown (Olive) –Violet + Orange = Red Brown (Rust) –The formula for a Tertiary is S + S = T

Colour Schemes Monochromatic - different values of the same colour. Color + white, gray or black Monochromatic - different values of the same colour. Color + white, gray or black Complementary - two colours opposite each other on the color wheel. Complementary - two colours opposite each other on the color wheel. Analogous colours next to each other on the colour wheel that have a family resemblance. Analogous colours next to each other on the colour wheel that have a family resemblance. Triadic - are three colours evenly spaced on the wheel forming a triangle. Triadic - are three colours evenly spaced on the wheel forming a triangle. Warm colours are red, orange and yellow. Warm colours are red, orange and yellow. Cool colours are green, blue and violet. Cool colours are green, blue and violet.

Value Is the lightness and darkness of a colour or neutral gray. Is the lightness and darkness of a colour or neutral gray. White added to a colour is a tint. White added to a colour is a tint. Gray added to a colour is a tone. Gray added to a colour is a tone. Black added to a colour is a shade. Black added to a colour is a shade. These are called Neutrals. These are called Neutrals.

Texture The feel of a surface. The feel of a surface. There are two kinds: There are two kinds: Actual or real Actual or real usually made by nature usually made by nature Implied or fake Implied or fake usually created by man usually created by man

Principles of Design Balance Balance Repetition Repetition Contrast Contrast Movement Movement Emphasis Emphasis Unity Unity

Balance Equilibrium Equilibrium the feeling of being comfortable in artwork. Where the Elements are placed in the picture in a way so they have equal weight. the feeling of being comfortable in artwork. Where the Elements are placed in the picture in a way so they have equal weight. There are two kinds There are two kinds –Symmetrical or formal balance which is objects centered –Asymmetrical or informal balance which is more objects on one side or off centered.

Repetition Is repeated element Is repeated element – varied in size, size, shape or shape or color color Also known as Pattern Also known as Pattern

Contrast The opposite or varied elements that make an art work interesting. The opposite or varied elements that make an art work interesting. Such as colour, thick or thin lines, large or small shapes, rough or smooth texture,etc. Such as colour, thick or thin lines, large or small shapes, rough or smooth texture,etc.

Movement The path our eyes follow in art work. The path our eyes follow in art work. Usually it brings the viewer in, around, and through the piece. Usually it brings the viewer in, around, and through the piece. Also known as Rhythm Also known as Rhythm

Emphasis Drawing attention to the main object. Drawing attention to the main object. All elements; like line, color, and shapes, direct your eye to the main point. All elements; like line, color, and shapes, direct your eye to the main point.

Unity Oneness … makes all the elements and principals work together to form a piece of art. Oneness … makes all the elements and principals work together to form a piece of art. Also called Harmony Also called Harmony