Chapter 12 Diseases of the Endocrine System

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1 Glands and Function  Pituitary – regulated by hypothalmus, produces hormones for growth, follicle stimulating, thyroid stimulating, and luteinizing; also antidiuretic hormone; manages uterine contraction hormone and breast milk stimulation  Thyroid– releases thyroxine for cellular oxygen consumption/heat and energy  Parathyroid – release parathormone to regulate calcium and phosphate circulation

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2  Adrenal – secrete steroid hormones for salt balance, sodium retention, potassium secretion by kidneys, regulate carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism and sex hormones  Island of Langerhans – Pancreas secretes insulin, islets of Langerhans secrete Glucagon to work antagonistically with insulin, together they maintain blood glucose levels  Testis- release testosterone  Ovaries- release estrogen

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Signs and symptoms  Thyroiditis – Pain, swelling, thyroid tenderness, goiter  Addison’s disease – Weight loss, fatigue, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, diarrhea  Cushing’s syndrome (benign) – Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, fluid retention, weight gain, weakness, fatigue, hypertension  Hypergonadism – Precocious sexual development

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4 Signs and symptoms  Hyperparathyroidism- Weak bones (deform, fx) kidney stones, depressed nervous system, bone pain, weak muscles, slow heart rate, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation  Type 1 Diabetes – Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss  Type 2 Diabetes – Polyuria, polydipsia  Hypogonadism – Lack of sexual development, eunichism