Electron Configurations

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Presentation transcript:

Electron Configurations Atomic Structure II Electron Configurations Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010

Atomic Orbitals Each electron is assigned to: Primary energy level (shell), n Orbital type in the shell (s,p,d,f) Specific orbital of the type Because of repulsion considerations only 2 electrons can occupy any orbital (spinning in opposite directions) Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010

Atomic Shells and Orbitals Shell (n) # s orbitals # p orbitals # d orbitals # f orbitals Total e- 1 2 3 8 5 18 4 7 32 50 Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010

This diagram shows the energy levels of the atomic orbitals. Electrons fill orbitals from bottom to top of the diagram. Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010

A vertical orbital diagram for the Li ground state. no color-empty light - half-filled The electron configuration is written as: 1s22s1 # electrons in orbital orbital dark - filled, spin-paired shell Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010

Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010

Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010

like this to determine the electron configuration. You can use a chart like this to determine the electron configuration. (But there is an easier way.) Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010

A periodic table of partial ground-state electron configurations. Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010

Determining Electron Configuration PROBLEM: Using the periodic table on the inside cover of the text (not Figure 8.12 or Table 8.4), give the full and condensed electrons configurations, partial orbital diagrams showing valence electrons, and number of inner electrons for the following elements: (a) potassium (K: Z = 19) (b) molybdenum (Mo: Z = 42) (c) lead (Pb: Z = 82) Use the atomic number for the number of electrons and the periodic table for the order of filling for electron orbitals. Condensed configurations consist of the preceding noble gas and outer electrons. SOLUTION: (a) for K (Z = 19) condensed configuration partial orbital diagram full configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 [Ar] 4s1 There are 18 inner electrons. 4s1 3d 4p Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010

condensed configuration partial orbital diagram full configuration (b) for Mo (Z = 42) condensed configuration partial orbital diagram full configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s14d5 [Kr] 5s14d5 There are 36 inner electrons and 6 valence electrons. 5s1 4d5 5p (c) for Pb (Z = 82) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f145d106p2 condensed configuration partial orbital diagram full configuration [Xe] 6s24f145d106p2 There are 78 inner electrons and 4 valence electrons. 6s2 6p2 Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010

Configuration for Ions What is the electron configuration for Na+? Na = 1s22s22p63s1 Na+ = 1s22s22p63s1 What is the electron configuration for Se2-? Se = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p4 Se2- = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010

Configuration for Ions Transitions metals have a twist… Fe = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 Fe2+ = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 Fe3+ = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010