Joints of the Upper Limb How many articulations does the scapula have with the axial skeleton? None.

The only articulation AT ALL that the scapula has is at the Acromioclavicular joint. The clavicle is attached to the skeleton at the SC (sternoclavicular) joint.

Sternoclavicular Joint Articular disc Synovial cavity on either side Ant/post sternoclavicular ligaments Costoclavicular ligament, inner clavicular lig’s… Synovial, plane

Acromioclavicular Joint Synovial, plane Sup/inf acromioclavicular ligaments Coracoclavicular ligaments: Main stabilizers of the joint: STRONG; conoid/trapezoid ligaments Fibrocartilaginous articular disc in the A/C joint itself to separate & cusion it Shoulder separation if coracoclavicular lig’s tear or have lesions in them. Fibrocartilaginous articular disc- can be in AC joint (small, sup. Region of joint space)

Shoulder Separation: Occurs at the AC joint Shoulder Separation: Occurs at the AC joint. ..due to any violent force to the tip of the shoulder 3 Grades: Grade 1- AC joint capsule /lig. injury Grade 2-Coracoclavicular lig’s injured, Tear of AC ligaments Grade 3-Tear of both AC and coracoclavicular ligaments

Clavicular fracture…medial aspect moves superiorly and lateral aspect moves inferiorly. See radiograph.

Shoulder Joint a.k.a. – glenohumeral Synovial, ball – socket Glenoid labrum- fibrocartilaginous ring around the glenoid fossa, makes it “deeper” Transverse humeral ligament- btwn. The two tubercles keeps long head of Biceps In the intertubercular groove. Coracoacromial ligament- Prevents superior dislocation.

Capsule folds up when you abduct.

Inferior, middle, and superior glenohumeral lig Inferior, middle, and superior glenohumeral lig. Are thickenings in the joint capsule that help provide structure to the glenohumeral joint. Inferiorly is the most weak part of the joint. This is why most dislocations move anterior and inferior.

Deltoid m. suprapinatus acromion Subacromial bursa: allows freedom of mov’t for supraspinatus and deltoid. Above: Internal view of the inf., middle, sup. Glenohumeral ligaments. On the Right: The glenoid labrum is on the tip of the glenoid fossa.

Shoulder Muscles – Rotator Cuff I T

Elbow joint -synovial, hinge (movement in one plane) -the joint of the angle differs between the sexes… ”carrying angle”: male=~170, female=~167 Between the humerus and the ulna.

This is the joint capsule of the elbow. Collateral lig This is the joint capsule of the elbow. Collateral lig.’s are always on the side of joints, one on radial side and one on the ulnar side. Anular means ring…so the Anular ligament goes around the head of the radius (allows pronation & supination). Radial tuberosity is good for biceps

Annular Biceps tendon UCL

Proximal joint of Radius/Ulna: As pronate and supinate (near elbow) Tethers head of radius to the ulna

Proximal Radioulnar Joint -synovial, pivot -annular ligament keeps the radius Attached to the head of the humerus.

Distal Radioulnar Joint Where radius and ulna meet at the wrist -synovial, pivot Both styloid processes are distal -articular disc (TFC disc), btwn. Ulna and the wrist Radial side  Pisoform, Then back up and over again. “Some Ladies Try Positions That They Can’t Handle”

Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) -synovial, ellipsoid (condyloid) -articular disc (TFC disc)

Midcarpal and Intercarpal Joints Between the carpals -ALL are synovial, plane joints

Carpometacarpal and Intermetacarpal Joints -synovial, plane 1st Carpometacarpal Joint -synovial, saddle (sellar)

Metacarpophalangeal (M-P) Joints -synovial, condyloid Interphalangeal (I-P) Joints -synovial, hinge (moves in one plane) PIP DIP