Chemical Properties Organic Compounds Acids, Bases, and Salts Chapter 15 (2, 3 and 4) Chapter 2 (3)

Chemical Properties Based on matter’s ability to change Flammability or combustibility is the ability to burn Reactivity is the ability of a matter to react and combined to form a new substance.

Chemical Change When two or more substances combine to form a new substance with different chemical and physical properties

Signs of Chemical Change Color Change Gas Formation Gas Formation Change in temperature Change in temperature Precipitate Formation Precipitate Formation

Compound Classification Compounds can be classified into groups based on their physical and chemical properties Organic compounds contain carbon.

Organic Compounds Carbon based molecules Carbon and hydrogen containing compounds are called hydrocarbons Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins Nucleic acids in DNA: create the blueprint of life

Compound Classification What makes a compound an acid? -compound contains at least one hydrogen atom that can be removed when in water -compound contains at least one hydrogen atom that can be removed when in water HCl + H 2 O H+ + Cl- HCl + H 2 O H+ + Cl- What makes a compound a base? -forms hydroxide ions in water OH- -forms hydroxide ions in water OH- NaOH + H 2 O Na+ + OH- NaOH + H 2 O Na+ + OH-

Acids Produce hydrogen ions in a water solution Hydrogen ions react with water to form hydronium ions, H 3 O+ All acids taste sour Strong acids are good electrolytes, corrosive, and burn skin corrosive, and burn skin Acids turn litmus paper RED and paper RED and phenolphthalein phenolphthalein

Common Acids

Bases Bases produce OH- ions in a water solution Produce hydroxide ions by loosing a hydrogen atom Feel slippery and have a bitter taste Strong bases are good electrolytes, corrosive, and burn skin Dissolve fat and oils (emulsify) Bases turn litmus paper blue and phenolphthalein bright pink

Common Bases

Indicators ph paper turns colors due to how acidic or basic a compound is ph paper turns colors due to how acidic or basic a compound is Phenolphthalein remains colorless (acids) to bright pink (bases)

And now you know……. What makes you pucker What makes you say yuck!

Neutralization The reaction between an acid and a base forming a salt and water Acid + Base Salt + Water HCl + NaOH NaCl + H 2 O

Salts Salts are necessary for life processes They are used in manufacture of paint, rubber, glass, soap, detergents, and dry cell batteries

ph scale ph means potential of hydrogen Used to measure the acidity level of an acid Ranges from 0-14, lower number are acids and higher numbers are bases The middle 7 is neutral, water

Acid Poem "My brother was a chemist, He isn't anymore, What he thought was H 2 O, Was H 2 SO4."

And if you are not excited yet…. The grand finale A pile of salt