By Alex “Adolf” Halloran and Kyle “Coondawg” Connour

 A solution is a solvent dissolved in a solute  A solvent is what is being dissolved  A solute is what is actually doing the dissolving

 Molarity (M) = moles / liters  Molality (m) = moles / kilograms  Molarity and Molality describe the concentration of a solution. Ex. 1L of 1 M HCl 1L of 1 m NaCl

 +1 charges are soluble (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH 4 )  NO 3 -, ClO 3 -, ClO 4 -, and C 2 H 3 O 2 are all soluble  Halogens are soluble except with Ag +, Pb, and Hg  SO 4 -2 is soluble except with Ag +, Pb, Hg, Ca, Sr, and Ba  OH -, CO 3 -, PO 4 -3, SO 3 -2, CrO 4 -2, S are all insoluble unless they are with anything with a +1 charge.

 A=abc.  Absorbance = molar absorbtivity(L/mol*cm) *pathlength (cm) * concentration (mol/L)  higher absorbance = higher molarity

 An electrolyte is a solution that conducts electricity that also happen to be acids and bases.  Strong acids or bases conduct electricity well, therefore they are strong electrolytes.  Weak acids or bases don’t completely dissociate which makes them weak electrolytes.

 1. If you dissolve 0.5 mols of NaCl in 1 L of water, what is the molarity?  2. Is KNO 3 soluble?  3. What is the difference between molality and molarity

 A 0.10M aqueous solution sodium sulfate Na 2 SO 4 is a better conductor of electricity than a 0.10 M aqueous solution of sodium chloride NaCl. Which of the following best explains this observation?  A. Na 2 SO 4 is more soluble in water than NaCl is.  B. Na 2 SO 4 has a higher molar mass that the NaCl has.  C. To prepare a given volume of 0.10M solution, the mass of Na 2 SO 4 needed is more than twice the mass of NaCl needed.  D. More moles of ions are present in a given volume of 0.10M Na 2 SO 4 than in the same volume of 0.10M NaCl  E. The degree of dissociation of Na 2 SO 4 in solutions is significantly greater than that of NaCl.

 According to the solubility rules, which of the following substances is the least soluble in water?  A. (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  B. KMnO 4  C. BaCO 3  D. Zn(NO 3 ) 2  E. Na 3 PO 4

 What is the concentration of the chloride ions in the 0.10 M NiCl 2 solution?  A M  B M  C M  D M  E M

 You test the conductivity of a solution of sulfuric acid by inserting the prongs of a light bulb. The bulb glows brightly. You add a dilute solution of a mystery compound and the bulb dims. Which of the following is most likely the mystery compound?  A. K 2 SO 4  B. NaNO 3  C. Ba(OH) 2  D.HCl

 In which of the following species does sulfur have the same oxidation number as it does in H 2 SO 4 ?  A. H 2 SO 3  B. S 2 O 3 -2  C. S -2  D. S 8  E. SO 2 Cl 2