Essence, importance and development of the international trade Topic:

THE Contents of lecture Contents and essence of the international trade in present time. The object, tasks and goals of subject – “Basis of the international trade”.

ESSENCE of international TRADE

The international trade basically consists of: export and import operations

The term international trade for the first time was used in XII century by the Italian scientist Antonio Margaretty, author of the economic treatise "Authority of national weights in North of Italy “ The international trade has arisen during origin of the world market in XVI-XVIII centuries. Its development - one of the important factors of development of global economy of New time.

For any country the meaning of foreign trade is difficult for overestimating. The economic success of any country of the world strongly depends on foreign trade. Some more any country did not manage to create healthy economy, having isolated from global economic system

The rapid growth of world trade over the last century reflects, at least in part, the fact that nations have become more interrelated as they have attempted to gain the benefits of free trade.

Table 1 compares the relative growth of world trade and world output from 1870 to the present day. (average annual % change) It shows that the growth rate of world merchandise trade has exceeded the growth of world GDP in four of the five periods.

The only exception to this pattern occurred in the period 1913 to 1950 when two world wars and a major world depression resulted in the widespread adoption of protectionist trade policies.

Types of trade flow A distinction is frequently made between inter- and intra-industry trade.

 Inter - industry trade refers to situations where a country exports products that are fundamentally different in type from those that it imports. The UK exporting computer software to Switzerland but importing precision watches from Switzerland would be an example of inter-industry trade between two countries.

 Intra - industry trade refers to situations where a country exports certain items from a given product range while at the same time importing other items from the same product range. The UK exporting certain types of car to Germany but importing other types of car from Germany would be an example of intra-industry trade.

Over half of world trade today is intra-industry trade, which consists of final goods, inter-mediate goods and primary goods (raw materials, etc.), as can be seen in Figure 1. Source: World Development Report (World Bank 2009), p. 20. Figure 1 Intra-industry trade has risen for primary, intermediate and final goods

International trade is the basic discipline for a major "World economy" and has for an object:  to prepare the experts in sphere of the international trade  to give them understanding of the modern and classical theories of international trade, tariff and not tariff tools of realization of trade policy  understanding the basic issues of organizing of the trade operations in global market. 2. The object, tasks and goals of subject - “international trade”.

The study of a subject bases on knowledge of the following subjects: The Economics, World economy, International economic relations, Basis of business, Economic geography, Economy of the enterprise.

After passage of a rate the students will be: - To know the conceptual device of discipline and parity of separate categories describing international trade; the basic parameters expressing a condition and dynamics of development of international trade.

- To be able messages the international trade negotiation, to estimate influence of various parameters of the global markets on international trade, to choose a way and to prove expediency of an exit on the foreign markets. - To solve problems of insurance and transport maintenance of trade operations at a global level.

Literature: Ҳабибов С.Ҳ., Ҷамшедов М.Ҷ. Тиҷорати байналмилалӣ: Китоби дарсӣ барои мактабҳои олии иқтисодӣ. – Душанбе: «Ирфон», Гриффин Р., Пастей М. Международный бизнес. 4-е изд. / Пер. с англ. под ред. А.Г. Медведева. – СПб.: Питер, 2006.