Anatomy of the heart Dr. SIA KOON KET Head of Medical Department Tuanku Fawziah Hospital

Cardiovascular system  The cardiovascular system consists of : 1- The Heart. 2 -Two vascular systems: A - Systemic circulation. B - Pulmonary circulation.

Functions of the heart  Generating blood pressure.  Routing blood.  Ensuring one way blood flow.  Regulating blood supply.

Size,form and location of the Heart  The adult heart is shaped like a blunt cone and its size about the size of closed fist.  The Heart is located in the thoracic cavity between lungs in the middle of chest (mediastinum), behind and slightly to the left of sternum.  The base directed posteriorly& slightly superiorly while the apex directed anteriorly & slightly inferiorly.  The heart beats /min.

Anatomy of the heart Pericardium A double-layered membrane called the pericardium (fibrous & serous) surrounds heart like a sac& they are separated by coating of fluid.

Anatomy of the heart Anterior view

Anatomy of the heart Anterior view ( cut section)

Anatomy of the heart Posterior view

Dissection of left atrium and ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle

Four valves regulate blood flow through your heart Heart Valves

Anatomy of the heart superior view

Blood supply of the Heart  There are the 3 main branches of the coronary arterial system.  Two arteries arise off the aorta, just outside the Left Ventricle the Right (RCA) and Left Main coronary arteries.  The left quickly branches further into 2 primary systems, the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) and the Circumflex (CX).  Each artery further subdivides into more, smaller branches to supply the entire heart with blood.

Coronary blood flow  Coronary blood flow occurs mostly during diastole, because during systole the blood vessels within the myocardium are compressed.  Increased heart rates, which reduce the time for diastole filling, can reduce the myocardial blood supply and cause ischaemia.  In heart failure, the ventricle is less able to empty and therefore the intraventricular volume and pressure is higher than normal.  During diastole, this pressure is transmitted to the ventricular wall and opposes and reduces coronary flow, especially in the endocardial vessels.

1. Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body? [ ] 2. Which vessel supplies the heart muscle itself with blood? [ ] 3. Which vessels carries deoxygenated or oxygen poor blood to the right atrium along with the inferior vena cava? [ ] 4. Which vessels carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to left atrium? [ ] 5. Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? [ ] A.superior & inferior vena cava B. aorta C.pulmonary artery E.coronary artery D.pulmonary veins

1. Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body? [ B ] 2. Which vessel supplies the heart muscle itself with blood? [ E ] 3. Which vessels carries deoxygenated or oxygen poor blood to the right atrium along with the inferior vena cava? [ A ] 4. Which vessels carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to left atrium? [ D ] 5. Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? [ C ] A.superior & inferior vena cava B. aorta C.pulmonary artery E.coronary artery D.pulmonary veins

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