Chemistry Tri B Final Review Final Review Chapter 8 Shape it Chapter 9 Reactionary Chapter 10 Stoich it Chapter 11 Stoich Master Chapter 12 Feel the heat Chapter 13 Passing Gas Work it

Chapter What is a Isomer? How are they the same, how are they different. –Same molecular formula, different structural formula

Chapter What are the three types of IMF? Describe them –Hydrogen bonding - FON –Dispersion- shift of electrons in a non polar substance causing increased attractions between molecules –Dipole-dipole- attraction between polar molecules

Chapter Draw the structures formulas for NH 3 and CH 4 ? Are they polar or non-polar –NH 3, polar (asymmetrical) –CH 4, non polar (symmetrical)

Chapter What is an ionic bond? What is a non- polar covalent bond? A polar covalent bond? –Metal to nonmetal transfer of e- –Non-metal to non-metal with similar or same EN (equal sharing of electrons) –Non-metal to non-metal with different EN (unequal sharing of electrons)

Chapter Write the formulas for magnesium fluoride, zinc oxide, oxygen, hydrogen fluoride. Indicate if they are ionic, polar or non-polar covalent. Name the type of Force of Attraction. –MgF 2 ionic FOA is ion’s attraction –ZnO ionic FOA is ion’s attraction –O 2 non-polar covalent IMF dispersion –HF polar covalent IMF H-bond and dipole-dipole

Chapter Discuss how acid rain is formed and how Michigan's limestone base(CaCO 3 ) neutralizes acid rain. –SOx and NOx mix with water vapor in the atmosphere and fall as acid rain –CaCO 3 is a base. Acid + Base = neutralization rxn

Chapter Name the type of reaction HCl + Mg(OH) 2  MgCl 2 + H 2 O Hydrogen + oxygen produces water H 2 O 2  H 2 O + O 2 NaOH + Li  LiOH + Na –Double Replacement –Direct Combination (syn) –Decomposition –Single Replacement

Chapter State the Law of Conservation of Matter. How does it apply to balancing a chemical equation –Matter is neither created or destroyed –Must have the same number and types of atoms on either side of the  sign.

Chapter How are ionic formulas balanced? How are equations balanced? Name the molecular compound N 3 F 4, CO, P 2 O 5. –Subscripts –Coefficients –Trinitrogen tetrafluoride, carbon monoxide, diphosphorus pentaoxide

Chapter What do you call a solid formed in a chemical reaction that separates from the solution? –A precipitate

Chapter What is a formula mass? What is the formula mass of carbonate? What is the molar mass? What is the molar mass of carbon dioxide? –Sum of all the atoms in a formula –60.01amu –Same as formula mass but expressed as g/mol –44.01g/mol

Chapter How many water molecules are there in 0.5 moles of water? –3 x molecules

Chapter How many grams of water are in moles of water? (the molar mass of water is 18.02g/mol) How many moles in 22.5g of water? –54.06g water –1.25mols water

Chapter What is an empirical formula? If the empirical formula is CH 4 and the molar mass is 64.2g/mol what is the molecular formula? –Smallest whole number ratio (simplest terms) –C 4 H 16

Chapter What is the branch of chemistry called that deals with mass relationships among reactants and products? What is an Activity Series used for? –Stoichiometry –Determine if a chemical reaction will occur

Chapter Given the equation N 2 + 3H 2  2NH 3 what is the Molar Ratio of N 2 to NH 3 ? How many moles of hydrogen would be needed to make 6 moles of ammonia? –1:2 –9 moles

Chapter Given the combustion reaction of CH 4 + 2O 2  CO 2 + 2H 2 O What is the molar ratio of oxygen to water? How many grams of methane would be needed to produce moles of carbon dioxide? –2:2 or 1:1 –32.10 g methane

Chapter Given the reaction 2FeBr 3 + 3Ca  3CaBr 2 + 2Fe Which would limit the reaction 80.g of FeBr 3 or 20.g of Ca? How many moles of Fe would be produced? – FeBr 3. –0.27 mol

Chapter What is the formula for %yield? Given MgO + H 2 O  Mg(OH) 2 Which would limit the reaction 20.g of MgO or 20.g of H 2 O? What would the % yield be if 24.0g of Mg(OH) 2 were produced? –Actual(measured) / Expected(calculated) x 100 –MgO –83%

Chapter What volume of oxygen at STP is required to burn 500.g of glucose? If 600.g of CO 2 are produced what is the % yield? C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O –373L –81.9%

Chapter What are the units for Specific Heat? The specific heat of silver is 0.24J/gC How much heat will be needed to raise a 86g block of Ag by 9.0C –J/g* o C –185.8J

Chapter What is the sign of an exothermic rxn? What happens to the temperature of the surroundings during an exothermic rxn? –negative –It increases

Chapter How much heat is transferred when 9.22g of glucose reacts with excess oxygen. Is this rxn endo or exo? C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O delta H= -2803kj –144kj –exo

Chapter Use Hess’s Law to calculate the delta H net of the equation 2S + 2O 2  2SO 2 Given the equations 2SO 2 + O 2  2SO 3. Delta H = -196kj 2S + 3O 2  2SO 3. Delta H = -790kj –-594kj

Chapter What do you do to the sign of the delta H in calculating a net equation if you have to flip the equation? What if you have to double the coefficients? What are the signs on the delta H and delta S of a spontaneous reaction? –Flip the sign –Multiply the delta H by 2 –- delta H (releases energy) + delta S (increasing disorder (s)->(l)->(g) )

Chapter What is the conversion factor between atm and mmHg? How do gases transfer energy? –1atm = 760mmHg –Convection

Chapter Convert.75atm to mmHg? Convert 825mmHg to atm –570mmHg –1.09atm

Chapter When do gases diffuse fastest, hot or cold temps? Which is more dense a liquid or a gas of the same substance? Describe a gas/liquid solubility curve –Hot. Higher temp higher KE faster movement! –Liquid –Inverse

Chapter If you decrease the pressure on a container what will happen to the volume? Which gas will diffuse faster CO or CO 2 explain your answer. What will be the new pressure on a container that was 2L at 1atm if the volume was changed to 1L? –It increases –CO the gas molecules are smaller –2atm

Chapter The temperature in the rainforest is 24.0 degrees Celsius and the pressure was measured at 1.10 atmospheres. What would the new pressure be if the temperature dropped to 20.0 degrees Celsius? –1.09 atm.

Work it If the empirical formula is XY 4, which are possible molecular formulas? X 2 Y 4, X 3 Y 6, X 2 Y 8 or X 5 Y 10 –X2Y8–X2Y8

Chapter Work it Write the balance equation for gaseous oxygen reacting with gaseous hydrogen to create liquid water? Convert 64g of O 2(g) to liters –O 2(g) + 2H 2(g)  2H 2 O (l). –45L

Chapter Work it How much heat is transferred if 150.g of manganese (IV) oxide react given 2MnO 2  2MnO + O 2. H= +264Kj Is this reaction endo or exothermic? C  CaC 2 + CO  H = 464.8kJ –228kj absorbed –endo

Chapter Work it What is the empirical formula for a compound containing 2.128g Cl and g Ca? –CaCl 2.

Chapter Work it What is the molecular formula for a substance with an empirical formula of CH 2 O and a molar mass of 150g/mol? –C 5 H 10 O 5

Final Jeopardy Aluminum reacts spontaneously with bromine to produce AlBr 3. If 45.0 g of Al react with 45.0 g of Bromine, which is the limiting reactant? What is the percent yield if 31.0g of AlBr 3 are actually produced? –Bromine –61.9%