Monday, September 8, 2008 Do-Now Imperialism- a stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations— economically, politically, culturally, or militarily. Based on your impressions of modern US foreign policy, would you claim the US is imperialistic? Why or why not? Use examples. Objectives To become familiar with the concept of imperialism. To understand the reasons behind the imperialist climate in the US in late 1800s-early 1900s Agenda  Do Now  First Notebook Check  Notes on Imperialism Homework  Read Chapter 17, Section 1 (pages ) in your textbooks  Complete provided worksheet (both sides!)  Bring your books in tomorrow, you will need them for a debating activity.

Becoming a World Power American Imperialism ( )

In the late 1800’s, as European nations took over vast areas in Africa and Asia, American leaders looked to extend American Influence abroad.  Why?

Reasons for growth of Imperialism fall into 4 categories:  Economic  Nationalistic  Military  Humanitarian

Economic Factors  Result of Second Industrial Revolution –Growth of industry caused an increased need for natural resources –Needed new markets for products –Needed to maintain open trade relations

Nationalistic  Competition for large empires amongst several nations resulted in nationalism –This competition was a result of the need to control many different economic markets

Military Factors  Advances in military technology produced European armies and navies that were far superior to those in third world nations –Ex. Submarines, schrapnel, percussion caps, breech loading and cartridge firing rifles, and pistols –Growing navies required bases around the world

Humanitarian Factors  Humanitarian and religious goals spurred imperialism –Believed had a duty to spread blessing of Western Civilization  Laws  Medicine  Religion  Heroic Defender Persona

Also… Anglo Saxon Superiority  “This powerful race will move down upon Mexico, down upon south and central America, out upon the islands of the sea, over upon Africa and beyond.”  “Can anyone doubt that the result of this competition of races will be survival of the fittest?”  Social Darwinism, Racism

European Imperialism  Improved transportation and communication made it easier for Great Britain, France, & Russia to expand  Germany joined the race in 1871 when it unified  By 1890, the US was eager to join the competition.

Reasons for Delay in US Imperialism  1796 President Washington warned the American People to “steer clear of permanent alliances” with other countries  Nation’s rapid economic growth left little interest in foreign affairs  Settlement of the West left little interest in foreign affairs

Then… changes  Need for a new frontier  Need for new markets to serve increased domestic production  Competition changed the country’s mood  Suddenly, many desired expansion  To grow economically  To protect American security  To preserve American spirit

US Foreign Policy Changes  1853 Commodore M.C. Perry convinces Japan to open trade relations with US  1860s US signs several treaties that expand trade with China  1866 Sec. Of State, Seward sends troops to Mexico when France attempts a colonial venture  1867 Seward buys Alaska from Russia  1867 Seward annexes the Midway Islands  1875 US signs treaty with Hawaii allowing them to sell sugar in US duty free

Be careful what you wish for  Many Americans did not see themselves as potential rulers  Wanted new markets abroad and favorable trade relations –Discovered that political & military entanglements followed  US would soon find itself in difficult, bloody, and foreign conflicts  Chilean mob  Rebellion in Brazil  Confrontation with England over Venezuela  Cuban Rebellion  Cuban Exiles take action into own hands

Discuss: Taking A Side “Americans are always searching for a new frontier.” –What does this mean for other nations? –Why should one nation’s interests come before another’s? –Does the end justify the means?

HOMEWORK  Read Chapter 17, Section 1 (pages ) in your textbooks  Complete provided worksheet (both sides!)  Bring your books in tomorrow, you will need them for a debating activity.

DAY 2

Tuesday, September 9, 2008 Do-Now  RECALL: What factors led to the growth of imperialism around the world? List them.  Look at page 583 in your book. Why could you say “The sun never sets on the British Empire”? Objectives To recognize historic examples of imperialism. ID ways the US began to expand its interests abroad in the 1800s Agenda  Do Now  Homework Check  Notes / Discussion  Overseas Markets in the Classroom Homework Read Chapter 17, Section 2

REVIEW & RECALL  What earlier events in US History could have fallen under imperialist goals?  What reasons/policies/philosophies were used to defend these actions at the time?

A Few Terms  Imperialism Stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations—economically, politically, culturally, or militarily  Nationalism Devotion to one’s nation. Usually suggests that a nation’s people believe themselves, their ideals, and their goals to be superior to those of other nations  Annex To join a new territory to an existing country  Banana Republic A nickname for Central American nations at this time resulting from a successful fruit trade out of Costa Rica

Pro-Imperialists  Looked to new frontier to keep competitive edge  Americans had a “frontier mentality” –Scouting programs  Need to gain access to foreign markets  Strategic Military reasons (naval bases) –Great White Fleet

Anti-Imperialists  Moral & Political Arguments –Expansionists behavior rejected nation’s foundation of “right to liberty” –Constitution should follow flag  Racial Arguments –Racism: didn’t want to have to absorb anymore people of different races  Economic Arguments –Involved too many costs –Laborers from annexed territories would compete with Americans for jobs

Nationalism Discussion – Nationalism affects identity. Does it also discourage friendly inter-cultural relations? Why or why not? Can you have a nationalist attitude without a sense of superiority?

Opening trade relations with Japan. Sidenote - Art History  Europeans who visited Japan in the 1850’s and 1860’s often returned with Japanese Art.  Wall scrolls were marked by clear, well-defined lines, a spare layout, and flat, bold colors.  Impressionist painters, including Monet, Degas, and Toulouse-Lautrec collected Japanese art and applied these techniques to their own work.

Cultural effects of opening trade relations with Japan.

Imperialism  Reasons for Imperialism –Economic –Nationalistic –Military –Humanitarian  Reasons for US Expansion –Promote Economic Growth –Promote American Security –Preserve American Spirit ** Americans did not see themselves as potential rulers like Europeans, they just wanted new markets & good trade relations