EQUITY IN SPORTS WOMEN ISSUES Amber Roberts

 Women haven't always had access to the training and competition in sport  The 19 th century was a time of “feminine virtues” they knew nothing about sports  But clearly times have changed the passage of Title IX helped to start the change The Beginning

TITLE IX  Apart of the Education Amendments Act of 1972  Made equity for girls and women in sport the law of the land  They had access to more sports so their participation increased dramatically, and scholarships for them became more widely available  Focuses primarily on equal provision of equipment and supplies, practice and game times, travel, compensation of coacher, publicity, tutoring and other such services, locker rooms, medical and training facilities, house and fining facilities, and financial aid.

 Although this amendment was passed there was still subtle forms of discrimination like negative stereotyping, poor media coverage, underrepresentation in coaching and administration, and lack of female role models

SUCCESS BY WOMEN IN ELITE AND PROFESSIONAL SPORT  In 1984 women were finally allowed to compete in the marathon at the Olympic games  Joan Benoit won this event  In the Barcelona Olympics in 1992 Jackie Joyner Kersee was the greatest multi-event track and field athlete of all time

CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1987  Passed after the Groove City College in Pennsylvania brought suit, charging that college athletic programs did not receive any federal support  So 1980s -1990s was called the “Title IX Generation” of girl and women athletes.  All 50 states offered championships for girls sports, and the NCAA sanctioned 17 national championships for women

STATISTICS  Studies show that  13% of interscholastic coaches were females  10% of athletic director positions were held by women (our AD is a women named Cheryl Levick). It is uncommen to see a women as head athletic director at any level  Women athletes receive on 30% of the scholarship dollars in intercollegiate sports  23% of the athletic operation budgets  17% of the recruiting dollars  35% of the participation opportunities

BENEFITS OF SPORT PARTICIPATION FOR GIRLS AND WOMEN  Better academic success and higher graduation rates  Are at a lower risk of stroke and breast cancer  Weight less  Have lower levels of blood sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglycerides  Better bone health  Higher levels of self esteem and less depression  Lower risk for disordered eating, improve their cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and body composition,  Less likely to use illicit drugs, and more likely to be physically active for life

OTHER ISSUES  Barrier participation in contact and strength sports traditionally thought to be appropriate only for males.  Participation for high school girls in football, wrestling, ice hockey, and weight lifting has increased steadily over the past years  Athletic directors and coaches are trying to be sensitive to create conditions that are supportive of girls participation through educational programs

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GIRLS AND WOMEN IN SPORT (NAGWS)  Adopted a strategic plan to remediate problems that exist for women because of unequal opportunity in sport and lack of compliance with Title IX.  This plan includes advocacy for full participation both in athlete roles and in administration, training, officiating, and the like; recruitment, development, and promotion plans to help women assume leadership positions; and the initiation of new programs and enhancement of existing programs for females of all ages, races, economic levels, and ethnic origins

MY OPINION  I feel that women have come along way. There are still certain sports that men dominant like football, but the times have definitely changed since the 19th-century.