Bits and Bytes IGCSE. A binary number is either a 0 or a 1 and is known as a 'bit' or b inary dig it. However, the CPU cannot deal with just one bit at.

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Presentation transcript:

Bits and Bytes IGCSE

A binary number is either a 0 or a 1 and is known as a 'bit' or b inary dig it. However, the CPU cannot deal with just one bit at a time, it is just too small. It usually deals with 8 bits at a time, which is known as a Byte. However, the CPU cannot deal with just one bit at a time, it is just too small. It usually deals with 8 bits at a time, which is known as a Byte is a byte, is also a byte, or any other combination you can think of which contains 8 zeros and ones.

Why does all this matter? We often need to process words, so the computer must be able to store letters and other keyboard characters. This is done by making up a code. Each number represents a character. One common code is A=65, B = 66 and so on. This is called ASCII code or A merican S tandard C ode for I nformation I nterchange. One common code is A=65, B = 66 and so on. This is called ASCII code or A merican S tandard C ode for I nformation I nterchange. Each ASCII character occupies just one byte. The eight bit binary code or byte which represents the letter A is The word JOHN would take 4 bytes of memory to store.

RAM can store millions of bytes. So of course all that information needs to be accessed by the CPU. It does this through a method called, 'addressing'. Every location in RAM has a unique address. Each storage location (address) contains a byte which represents data in the form of: –a number –a character or string of characters –a computer instruction –part of a picture –the address of a location in store But remember - all this information is stored as strings of 1s and 0s i.e. binary code

K is short for kilo 1Kb is one kilobyte K is short for kilo 1Kb is one kilobyte M is short for mega. 1 Mb is one megabyte. M is short for mega. 1 Mb is one megabyte. K is short for kilo 1Kb is one kilobyte K is short for kilo 1Kb is one kilobyte M is short for mega. 1 Mb is one megabyte. M is short for mega. 1 Mb is one megabyte. QuantityInformation 8 bits = 1 byte. This is the lowest 'data' level and is a series of 0s and 1s, e.g = 1 byte with each 0 or 1 equal to 1 bit. Each keyboard character = 1 byte. Each number, letter and keyboard symbol is represented by a series of 8 bits (each, of course, is different) keyboard characters = 1000 bytes or 1 KB (kilobyte). In reality it is really 1024 bytes which make a kilobyte, but generally people refer to 1000 bytes as a kilobyte kilobytes = 1 MB (1 million keyboard characters). Floppy disks have a capacity of 1.44 MB CD ROM disks have a capacity of 650 MB megabytes = 1 GB (gigabytes or 1 billion characters) DVD disks can hold between up to 4.7 GB of data. K is short for kilo 1Kb is one kilobyte M is short for mega. 1 Mb is one megabyte.

The Alphabet in Binary Code Letter Letter Binary Code A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Letter Letter Binary Code a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z