COLD WAR ORIGINS Chapter 25, Section 5 Chapter 26, Section 1.

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COLD WAR ORIGINS Chapter 25, Section 5 Chapter 26, Section 1

The Big Three at Tehran,1943 Stalin, FDR, Churchill

THE YALTA CONFERENCE When? When? February, 1945February, 1945 Who? Who? FDR, Winston Churchill, Josef StalinFDR, Winston Churchill, Josef Stalin Where? Where? Yalta, Russia (USSR)Yalta, Russia (USSR) Issue? How will the post-war world be organized? Issue? How will the post-war world be organized? Agreements: Agreements: 1. Stalin agrees to enter Pacific War against1. Stalin agrees to enter Pacific War against Japan if… Japan if… USSR is given Japanese Islands of KURIL and SAKHALIN USSR is given Japanese Islands of KURIL and SAKHALIN 2. Stalin agrees to allowing free, post-war2. Stalin agrees to allowing free, post-war elections in Eastern European and other elections in Eastern European and other communist-occupied nations communist-occupied nations 3. All 3 agree to creation of an international3. All 3 agree to creation of an international peace-keeping organization = THE U.N. peace-keeping organization = THE U.N. SO WHAT? SO WHAT?

The Big Three at Yalta, February, 1945

OCCUPATION OF GERMANY What are occupying nations? What are occupying nations? United StatesUnited States Soviet UnionSoviet Union Great BritainGreat Britain FranceFrance Question: Why France? Question: Why France? Zones of Occupation (See p. 772) Zones of Occupation (See p. 772) U.S.: S. Germany, Berlin SectorU.S.: S. Germany, Berlin Sector USSR: E. Germany, Berlin SectorUSSR: E. Germany, Berlin Sector Brits: NW. Germany, Berlin SectorBrits: NW. Germany, Berlin Sector France: W. Germany, Berlin SectorFrance: W. Germany, Berlin Sector So What? So What? Germany is divided between Western & Eastern alliesGermany is divided between Western & Eastern allies Effects?Effects?

POST-WAR POST-WAR GERMANY GERMANY ZONES OF ZONES OF OCCUPATION OCCUPATION

OCCUPIED OCCUPIED GERMANY, GERMANY,1945 (Berlin Also) (Berlin Also)KEY Or.: USA Green: U.K. Red: USSR Blue: France

THE NUREMBURG TRIALS When? When? Where? Where? Nuremburg, Germany (US Zone)Nuremburg, Germany (US Zone) Who? Who? Prosecution: AlliesProsecution: Allies Defendants: Former Nazi leadersDefendants: Former Nazi leaders Examples: Hermann Goering, Joachim Von RibbentroppExamples: Hermann Goering, Joachim Von Ribbentropp Why? Nazi aggression, widespread Nazi violence/atrocities Why? Nazi aggression, widespread Nazi violence/atrocities Charges? 3 Basic Categories Charges? 3 Basic Categories A. Crimes Against the PeaceA. Crimes Against the Peace Planning and waging a war of aggression Planning and waging a war of aggression B. War CrimesB. War Crimes Acts against the customs of warfare such as killing prisoners and hostages, plundering or destruction of private property, cities, towns, etc. Acts against the customs of warfare such as killing prisoners and hostages, plundering or destruction of private property, cities, towns, etc. C. Crimes Against HumanityC. Crimes Against Humanity Murder, extermination, deportation or enslavement of civilians Murder, extermination, deportation or enslavement of civilians Can you give examples of each type of crime? Can you give examples of each type of crime?

Nazi Defendants, Nuremberg

OCCUPATION OF JAPAN What nation? What nation? U.S.A.U.S.A. Why only the U.S. (unlike Germany)?Why only the U.S. (unlike Germany)? U.S. Occupation: U.S. Occupation: Run by Gen. Douglas MacArthurRun by Gen. Douglas MacArthur Why MacArthur?Why MacArthur? Why? / Purpose of Occupation? Why? / Purpose of Occupation? To reform Japanese governmentTo reform Japanese government Rebuild Japanese economyRebuild Japanese economy Conduct War crimes investigations / trialsConduct War crimes investigations / trials Create Asian ally (and other allies)Create Asian ally (and other allies) Prevent Russian expansion in Western PacificPrevent Russian expansion in Western Pacific

War Crimes Discussion Question: Question: What, exactly, is a “War Crime”?What, exactly, is a “War Crime”? How do you differentiate between what is a “War Crime” and what acceptable conduct in a war?How do you differentiate between what is a “War Crime” and what acceptable conduct in a war? Is it legitimate/reasonable to hold people accountable for crimes committed during wartime?Is it legitimate/reasonable to hold people accountable for crimes committed during wartime? Why?Why? Why Not?Why Not? Can you give examples of recent/current “War Crimes”? Can you give examples of recent/current “War Crimes”?

WWII WWII DEATHS BY DEATHS BYBELLIGERENT STATUS STATUS