MODAL VERBS: HAVE TO (Tener que) -Use HAVE TO + (infinitive) to talk about general /external rules(reglas, normas) and obligations. AFFIRMATIVE “I have.

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MODAL VERBS: HAVE TO (Tener que) -Use HAVE TO + (infinitive) to talk about general /external rules(reglas, normas) and obligations. AFFIRMATIVE “I have to stop smoking” (doctor's orders) ”She has to speak English at work” ”My husband's an interpreter; he often has to go to New York” -Don't contract have or has. I have to go. NOT I've to go

HAVE TO 1 ) 3rd person singular. Eg. She/He/ has to study for the exams. 2) Questions and negatives are made with “do”. Do I have to go?”NOT have I to go? What time does she have to get up in the morning? Do I have to buy a grammar book? 3)We use the infinitive with “to” Eg.I have to get up at 7. NOT I have get up at 7. 4) Past tense is had to. She's always had to work very hard. He had to study very hard last year.

Don't have to (No es necesario) DON'T HAVE TO= Use it to say that something isn't necessary or obligatory. “You don't have to get a visa(=visado) to go to Scotland). “She doesn't have to work at Easter. She has holidays.”

MUST 1 ) Must and mustn’t is the same for all persons. There is no-s in the 3rd person singular. Eg. She/He/ must study for the exams. NOT She/He musts study for... 2) Questions and negatives are made without “do”. Eg. Must you go?He mustn't worry. NOT Do you must go?You don't must worry. 3)We use the infinitive without “to”of other verbs. Eg.I must write to my mother NOT I must to write to my m. 4)Must has no infinitive or participle and it has no past tense.(=had to) NOT (to must, musting, musted do not exist). She's always had to work very hard.

MUST MUST+Infinitive without “to” to talk about personal rules and obligations. The obligation most often comes from the speaker. “I must do some more work;I want to pass my exam” “I must stop smoking” (I want to). “We must go to New York soon and see your mother

MUSTN’T - Use mustn't+infinitive without “to” to say that it is wrong to do things. Can't is also possible. “You musn't/can't open this parcel until Christmas Day” “you mustn't/can't drive on the left”

DON'T HAVE TO/MUSTN'T They have completely different meanings: “you mustn't go=it is prohibited. Don't go. “you don't have to go”=you can go if you want, but it isn't obligatory /necessary. You mustn't tell George = it is important not to tell George = don't tell George. “You don't have to tell George =you can tell George if you like, but it isn't necessary. It's your decision.

MUST/HAVE TO Must=personal obligation,the speaker thinks it is necessary. 1) I must buy flowers for my mother. (It's her birthday and I decide to do that.) 2)"You must do more exercise" says the doctor.(The doctor thinks it is necessary.) Have to=general, external obligation.Someone else thinks it is necessary. 1)I have to buy flowers for my mother-in-law. (It is not my decision - my husband asked me to do it.) 2) I have to take more exercise.(The doctor says it is necessary.)