Reproductive Systems and Pregnancy

Bladder Seminal vesicles Vas deferens penis Prostate gland Cowper’s gland urethra Testicles (or testes) anus scrotum epididymis

Fallopian tubes ovary uterus cervix bladder vagina clitoris anus urethra labia

menstrual cycle

Terms to Know Menstrual Cycle Menstruation Ovulation A monthly series of hormone controlled changes that prepare the uterine lining for pregnancy Menstruation Breakdown and discharge of the uterine lining out of the vagina Ovulation Release of an egg from a follicle in the ovary

Hormones Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing Hormone (LH) The hormones that cause the maturation and release of an egg Estrogen Levels increase to cause uterine lining to thicken. Lining nourishes and supports the growing human during pregnancy Progesterone Further thicken and maintain uterine lining following ovulation

Male Reproductive System

Terms to Know Testosterone Ejaculation Male hormone that influences sperm production Ejaculation When sperm is released from the penis

Seminal Fluid Gland Approximate % Description Testes 2-5% Approx. 200-500 mill. Sperm Seminal Vesicle 65-75% Releases fluids that provides nourishment and protection Prostate 25-30% Releases fluids that provides protection Bulb urethral Gland (Cowper’s Gland) <1% Releases fluids that increase the mobility Contributes to the cohesive jelly-like texture of semen

Pregnancy Terms to Know Zygote genetic material of the egg and sperm combine to form one cell (fertilization) Embryo first 8 weeks Implantation Embryo is embedded in the uterine wall Fetus 9the week and after

1st Trimester The baby's heart has begun to beat! (week 6) The spinal column, brain, heart, spleen, kidneys and liver have all developed Arms develop into hands, fingers, and finger nails form The baby's face is develops (nose, eyes, eyelids, ears, and teeth) Gonads have formed

2nd Trimester Baby’s face is more defined, including eye lashes and eyebrows and facial muscle can move Reflexes are operating Baby can hear, has a sense of smell and taste buds are operating Bowl movement can occur Baby can see and experiences rapid eye movement while sleeping

3rd Trimester The baby’s skin is fully developed The baby has developed it’s hair color and eyelashes The baby's bone marrow has now taken over production of red blood cells. It is possible for the baby to cry real tears, even within the womb. The lungs are the last organs to reach maturity, but they should be ready to go now.

Complications and Pregnancy Miscarriage Death of fetus from natural complications before the 20th week Still Birth A stillbirth is defined as the death of a fetus after the 20th week of pregnancy up to birth. Premature Birth Early birth due to abnormal uterus, bleeding behind placenta, STI, multiple pregnancy, or other causes

Complications and Pregnancy Gestational Diabetes Mother gets diabetes during the pregnancy Rh incompatibility A condition in which mother’s immune system reacts against the fetus’s blood due to an incompatibility in blood cell type Toxemia toxemia is characterized by sudden elevated blood pressure and the presence of excess protein in the urine (common in pregnant teens) If untreated can lead to death

Complications and Pregnancy Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Set of birth defects that affect a fetus that has been exposed to alcohol during pregnancy

Complications and Pregnancy Effects of Smoking Premature birth Low birth weight Miscarriage Developmental Issues SIDS

Complications and Pregnancy Effects of Drug use Low Birth Weight Premature Birth Developmental Problems SIDS Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Baby goes through withdrawal symptoms