Mr. Munoz – US History

The Philosophical Origins of the American Revolution.  Standards Covered:  11.1 Analyze the significant events surrounding the founding of the nation and its attempts to realize the philosophy of government described in the Declaration of Independence.  1. Describe the Enlightenment and the rise of democratic ideas as the context in which the nation was founded.  2. Analyze the ideological origins of the American Revolution; the divinely-bestowed unalienable natural rights philosophy of the Founding Fathers and the debates surrounding the drafting and ratification of the Constitution; the addition of the Bill of Rights.

THOMAS HOBBES - was an English philosopher, whose famous 1651 book Leviathan established the foundation for most of Western political ideasEnglish philosopher1651 Leviathan

THOMAS HOBBES  HIS IDEAS WERE BASED ON THE IDEA OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT  THE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY

SOCIAL CONTRACT  By the "Social Contract", people set up the government and give it power to protect their own rights."Social Contract"

THE SOCIAL CONTRACT  Th e social contract says that people give up some rights to a government and/or other authority in order to receive a stable social order  DOES THIS HAPPEN IN OUR COUNTRY? –  CAN ANYONE THINK OF AN EXAMPLE?

SOME REGULATIONS ARE BASIC

NO SMOKING INSIDE

SOME REGULATIONS ARE CONTROVERSIAL

THOMAS HOBBE’S LIFE IN ENGLAND  THOMAS HOBBES LIVED IN ENGLAND DURING THE CIVIL WAR OF  HOBBES WAS NOT PLEASED WITH HOW PEOPLE ASSERTED THEIR RELIGIOUS BELIEFS UPON EACH OTHER -THE ROUNDHEADS (PROTESTANTS AND CROMWELL) VS. THE CAVALIERS (CATHOLICS)

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR ( ) HOBBES BELIEVED THAT THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR WAS A RESULT OF PEOPLE LETTING THEIR LIBERTIES RUN WILD OVER OTHER PEOPLE

LEVIATHAN  HOBBES WROTE A BOOK CALLED LEVIATHAN  LEVIATHAN SAID THAT THE MORE FREEDOM PEOPLE GET THE MORE LIFE DESCENDS INTO CHAOS –  THAT PEOPLE’S LIVES WILL BE “NASTY, BRUTISH, AND SHORT”

AMERICAN COLONIES  BRITAIN BEGAN ESTABLISHING THE THIRTEEN COLONIES WITH VIRGINIA IN 1607 AND FINISHED WITH GEORGIA IN 1733  THE COLONISTS CAME FOR A VARIETY OF REASONS.  WHAT WERE POSSIBLE REASONS FOR COLONISTS COMING TO AMERICA?

RELIGION  SOME COLONISTS WANTED TO ESCAPE RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION  SOME COLONISTS WANTED TO SET UP THEIR OWN EXCLUSIVE RELIGIOUS AREAS. (EX – PURITANS)

ECONOMIC  NEW LAND EQUALED NEW OPPORTUNITIES TO GROW CROPS – COTTON, INDIGO, TOBACCO ETC. - EX: JAMESTOWN

THE LIBERTY OF LAND  One of the main reasons is that the New World presented people with an opportunity to earn a decent living and perhaps even to become wealthy. During the time of colonization, profitable jobs were scarce in England, and land was very difficult to obtain because it was expensive. By moving to one of the colonies, an individual had a better chance to earn a living than if they remained in England

FRENCH – INDIAN WAR AND GEORGE III  TO COLONISTS: LAND = MONEY = POWER COLONISTS WANTED NEW LAND TO THE WEST IN THE OHIO VALLEY - SO DID THE FRENCH ARMY STATIONED IN CANADA – THEY MADE AN ALLIANCE WITH NATIVE INDIANS

OHIO VALLEY

ENGLISH VS. FRENCH/INDIANS

FRENCH INDIAN WAR (7 YEARS WAR) - GOOD NEWS – ENGLISH WIN – COLONISTS GAIN NEW LANDS TO THE EAST  - BAD NEWS – ENGLAND SPENT VAST SUMS OF MONEY AND LOST SOLDIER’S LIVES IN THE BATTLE WANT COLONISTS TO PAY FOR THEIR EFFORTS

GEORGE III AND REVENUE  BAD PUBLIC RELATIONS OR TYRANT?  GEORGE BECOMES DISLIKED BY MANY COLONISTS FOR  1. NAVIGATION ACTS  2. STAMP ACTS  3. INTOLERABLE ACTS

1. NAVIGATION ACTS  COLONISTS COULD ONLY EXPORT THEIR GOODS AND CASH CROPS TO ENGLAND ONLY  ANY SAILING AND TRADE WITH OTHER COUNTRIES WAS ILLEGAL AND WAS AN ACT OF SMUGGLING  WHY WOULD COLONISTS WANT TO TRADE AND SELL WITH OTHER COUNTRIES?

1. NAVIGATION ACTS  ALL ABOUT MERCANTILISM!! Describe mercantilism:

MERCANTILISM  TAKES RAW MATERIALS FROM COLONY (AMERICAN COLONIES) AT MINIMAL COST  GOES TO PARENT COUNTRY (ENGLAND)  GOODS ARE MANUFACTURED  GOODS ARE THEN SOLD BACK TO COLONIES FOR MAXIMUM PROFIT

MERCANTILISM

2. STAMP ACT  PARLIAMENT IN LONDON PASSES NEW TAX LAW THAT MAKES COLONISTS PAY TAXES ON STAMPS, LIQUOR, NEWSPAPERS, TOBACCO, AND PLAYING CARDS.  THIS IS TO RAISE REVENUE

2. STAMP ACT  NEW TAXES WERE PASSED BY PARLIAMENT  PARLIAMENT HAD NO AMERICAN REPRESENTATIVE  MANY COLONISTS SHOUTED OUT IN PROTEST – “NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION”

COLONISTS PROTEST WITH BOSTON TEA PARTY

GEORGE III AND PARLIAMENT RESPOND:  WITH INTOLERABLE ACTS: - Colonial Governments lose power - Port of Boston is closed until the lost tea revenue is paid back in full

MANY COLONISTS FEEL THAT THE SOCIAL CONTRACT HAS BEEN VIOLATED…… THEY LOOK AT WRITINGS OF JOHN LOCKE

JOHN LOCKE FROM ENGLAND

JOHN LOCKE  LIKE HOBBES, HE ALSO BELIEVED IN A SOCIAL CONTRACT  UNLIKE HOBBES HE BELIEVED THAT THE BIGGEST RESPONSIBILITY LAY WITH THE GOVERNMENT NOT THE CITIZENS  THAT IF THE GOVERNMENT THREATENED YOUR “LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PURSUIT OF PROPERTY” – YOU HAD THE RIGHT TO REBEL.

LOCKE’S CONNECTION TO AMERICA  His arguments concerning liberty and the social contract later influenced the written works of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and other Founding Fathers of the United States.libertysocial contractAlexander Hamilton James MadisonThomas JeffersonFounding Fathers United States

LOCKE’S INFLUENCE  RIGHT TO REBEL

HOBBE’S INFLUENCE – LOYALISTS WANT TO CONTINUE HONORING SOCIAL CONTRACT WITH THE KING

 HOBBES LOCKE  TRUSTS TRUSTS STRONG A STRONG, ACTIVE, MONARCHY AND QUESTIONING PEOPLE SOCIETY

LOCKE, JEFFERSON, AND DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE  HIS IDEAS WOULD INSPIRE THOMAS JEFFERSON IN 1776