Lesson 3 Chapter 5.2

  Identify how philosophes influenced Enlightenment despots  Summarize how the Enlightenment affected the arts and literature  Explain why the lives of the majority were unaffected by Enlightenment  Rate philosophers on… Objectives

  The ideas of Enlightenment encouraged people to challenge existing ideas and to seek reform. Some rulers adopted Enlightenment ideas to make their countries more efficient and productive. New ideas, however, brought little change to the peasant who constituted the majority of the population. Big Idea

  What were the main contributions of the philosophes discussed in the last class?  Locke- Life, liberty, property  Hobbes- Leviathan ; people are natural cruel, greedy, and selfish; social contract organized by society  Montesquieu- Spirits of the Law ; 3 separate branches of govt w/ seperation of powers  Voltaire- Freedom of speech; writer  Diderot- Encyclopedia  Rousseau- Social Contract; controls necessary but minimal  Stael, Macaulay, Wollstonecraft-women’s rights  Adam Smith- Wealth of Nations; Laissez faire Warm up

 The Challenge of New Ideas  Censorship  Restricted access to ideas & info  Created by Govt and Church authorities  Motesquieu- Persian Letters  Voltaire- Candide (1779) exposes corruption and hypocrisy of Euro society

 The Challenge of New Ideas  Salons  Informal social gatherings  Exchange of ideas  Writers, artists, philosophes  Salonieres- middle class & nobility discuss enlightenment  Activity  Madame Geoffrin

 T-P-S  What roles did censorship and salons play in the spread of new ideas?

 Enlightened Despots  Enlightened despots  Absolute rulers who used their power to bring about poly and social change  Frederick the Great  King of Prussia ( )  “1 st servant of state”  Admired Voltaire  Tolerated religious differences  Gave peasants new crop- potato  Reorganized civil service and simplified laws

 Enlightened Despots  Joseph II  Hapsburg emperor  “peasant emperor”  Ended censorship  Attempted to bring Catholic Church under royal control  Abolished serfdom  Built hospitals  Undone at his death  Catherine the Great  Russia  Empress in 1762  Limited reforms in law & govt  Granted nobles charter of rights  Criticized serfdom  Expanded empire

 T-P-S  How did philosophes influence enlightened despots?

 Arts and Literature  Baroque- huge, colorful, and exciting paintings  Glorified historic battles & saints  Rococo-personal, elegant & charming  Furniture & tapestries  Paintings of noble subjects and rural setting  Rembrandt van Rijn

  In the following images you need to decide if they are either Baroque or Rococo style.  Please write the responses down on your paper and be prepared to discuss why you guessed the way you did. Activity- Baroque or Rococo?

  “Girl with a Pearl Earring” by Jan Vermeer

  “Medusa” by Caravaggio

  François Boucher, Le Déjeuner

  “Philosopher Meditating” By Rembrandt ar

  “Interior Room” By Eduard Hau (1807– 1888)

 Arts and Literature  The Novel  Increase long works of prose fiction  Daniel Defoe- Robinson Crusoe  Samuel Richardson- Pamela  Trends in Music  Ballets and operas- plays set to music  Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach  George Frederick Handel George Frederick Handel  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

 Lives of the Majority  Western Europe v Eastern Europe  W- serfdom gone; peasants worked own patches of land or day laborers  E- serfdom, some peasants bought and sold w/land  France- some serfdom Serfdom in the 1300s in England.

  Why were the lives of the majority unaffected? T-P-S

  It is your turn to rate the leaders of Europe!  Criteria: How did you judge them?  Which grade did they receive? A, B,C, D, F  Why? Report Card Activity

  How was enlightenment spread throughout Europe? Provide examples. Closure