1 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt Political Culture & Public Opinion Political Socialization Political Ideology Voter Turnout and Voter Behavior Political Participation

2 What is the difference between the Orthodox and Progressive cultural “camps”

3 What is… Orthodox: (fundamentalist Protestants) -morality is as, or more important than self- expression -morality derives from fixed rules from God Progressive: (liberal Protestants or no religious beliefs) -personal freedom is as, or more important than tradition -rules change based on circumstances of modern life and individual preferences

4 Name three “rules of thumb” when considering the legitimacy of a public opinion poll

5 How does polling work? Need to ask reasonable, fairly worded questions Have to ask people about things for which they have some basis to form an opinion Random sampling necessary Have to be aware of sampling error (difference b/t results of 2 surveys) For populations over 500,000 pollsters need to make about 15,000 phone call to reach 1065 respondents, ensuring the poll has a sampling error of only +/- 3% -increasingly difficult to get (why?) Reliability harmed by low response rates

6 Name two possible things that can impact how someone is politically socialized

7 children tend to share parents opinion variances associated with race, class, gender, religion, etc.

8 What is an exit poll?

9 Polls based on interviews conducted on election day with randomly selected voters.

10 The validity of a poll is best determined by a sampling error under what percent?

11 5%

12 Men have become increasingly more identifiable with which political party since the 1960s?

13 Republican

14 Explain how race and ethnicity often determine political party preference with specific examples.

15 Historically, African Americans tend to vote Democratic. Asians tend to vote Republican. Latinos tend to vote Democratic

16 Which of the following voters will most likely prefer a Republican candidate? (A) a black woman with a college degree and a high income (B) a middle-class Asian man who belongs to a labor union (C) a southern white male business owner (D) an Hispanic employee of the federal government (E) a white “soccer mom” who lives in the suburbs

17 (C) a southern white male business owner

18 What is the impact of religion on political participation? (A) Religious people are less likely to vote because they put their faith in a higher power. (B) Religious people are more likely to give money to charities, but less likely to vote. (C) Being active in a religious organization increases the likelihood of charitable volunteer work as well as voting. (D) Being active in a religious organization increases participation in nonpolitical activities but does not increase the likelihood of voting. (E) Religion has no measurable impact on the likelihood of voting.

19 (C) Being active in a religious organization increases the likelihood of charitable volunteer work as well as voting.

20 The least important agent in molding political opinion among the young would be (A) older family members. (B) school curriculum. (C) peer group members. (D) socioeconomic groups. (E) religious role models.

21 (C) peer group members.

22 What are the “rule of thumb” differences between liberals and conservatives?

23 Liberal View Favors bigger welfare state Favors smaller military establishment Pro-choice Conservative View Favors smaller role of government Support a strong military Favors prayer in school Pro-life

24 Would a liberal or a conservative favor lowering taxes?

25 Conservative

26 Would a liberal or a conservative be more supportive of social welfare policies?

27 Liberal

28 A conservative would support which of the following measures? I. less government regulation of the economy II. affirmative action programs for underrepresented groups III. increased spending on social programs, such as welfare IV. the death penalty I and II I and IV II and IV II, III, and IV I, II, and IV

29 I and IV

30 How does FDR and the New Deal relate to the term “conservative?”

31 Groups opposed to FDR’s New Deal programs started calling themselves Conservatives—hence the birth of the term!

32 Voting is not the only way of participating – by other measures, Americans may participate more in politics than Europeans. Name two examples:

33 Joining Civic Associations Supporting Social Movements Writing to legislatures Fighting City Hall Etc

34 All of the following were used to keep African Americans from voting EXCEPT (A) segregation. (B) literacy tests. (C) poll taxes. (D) grandfather clauses. (E) intimidations and threats.

35 (A) segregation.

36 Which of the following is the best explanation for low voter turnout in the United States? (A) More than half of all Americans are apathetic towards politics. (B) The voting process is difficult to understand, and ballots are complicated. (C) Most potential voters do not identify with a political party. (D) The burden of registering falls on individual voters. (E) It is difficult for many voters to get enough information about the candidates to vote.

37 (D) The burden of registering falls on individual voters.

38 In what year and by what amendment did women get the right to vote?

39 19 th Amendment in 1920

40 Of the following, which best predicts the likelihood that citizens will vote? (A) Their race (B) Their religion (C) Their educational level (D) Their gender (E) Their region of residence

41 (C) Their educational level

42 Which age group consistently does not show up at the polls to vote?

43 The youngest voters—18 to 21

44 In comparison to political participation by men, women tend to: (A) vote in about the same proportions as men do. (B) be more likely to vote in mid-term elections only. (C) contribute more money to political campaigns. (D) attend more political rallies. (E) be more likely to vote in all elections (local, state, national).

45 (A) vote in about the same proportions as men do.

46 All of the following statements best explain why people vote EXCEPT (A) religious views. (B) political socialization. (C) gender politics (D) the economic class to which they belong. (E) political surveys.

47 (E) political surveys.

48 The Motor Voter Act signed by President Clinton makes it easier than ever to vote. All of the following provisions accomplish the goals of this act EXCEPT A.it provides for automatic registration of eligible citizens when they fill out an application for a driver’s license. B.it requires that states periodically review the voter lists for accuracy. C.it authorizes $50 million to help cover implementation costs. D.it purges people from voter rolls because they didn’t vote in the previous election. E.it provides for automatic registration of eligible voters as a result of license renewal.

49 D. it purges people from voter rolls because they didn’t vote in the previous election.

50 Which of the following statements is incorrect? (A) Democratic members of Congress tend to be consistently liberal. (B) Republican members of Congress tend to be consistently conservative. (C) Democratic members of Congress tend to be more liberal than Democratic voters (D) Republican members of Congress tend to be more conservative than Republican voters. (E) The policy preferences of Democratic and Republican voters are generally the same.

51 (E) The policy preferences of Democratic and Republican voters are generally the same.