THERMAL ENERGY By Hannah Pelayic 1 st hour Picture of a solar flair

Temperature And Heat Temperature is how hot or cold something is Heat is thermal energy that flows between two or more objects. Thermal energy is the sum of potential and kinetic energy of all the particles of an object. The specific heat of an object is the amount of heat that is needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of some material by 1*C. To calculate the change in thermal energy times the mass by the change in temperature by the specific heat, this should all be calculated as Joules because it is an energy.

Transferring Thermal Energy Conduction- Transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter Convection- Transfer of thermal energy in a fluid from place to place Radiation- Transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves

Things that help; things that don’t Insulators-insulators are a material that heat flows through slowly. Conductors- conductors allow heat to flow though them quickly.

Using Heat Heating Systems- forced air system, radiator, Electric heating systems

Solar Heating Systems Passive Active Solar collectors Uses energy from the sun

Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics- increase in thermal energy of a system equals the work done on the system plus the heat transferred to the system. Open and Closed System- Open systems have heat flow across the boundary or if work is done across the boundary. Closed systems have no heat flow and no outside work is done across the boundary. Second Law of Thermodynamics-it is impossible for heat to flow from a cool object to a warmer one unless work is done.

Converting Heat into Work Heat engine- Device that converts heat into work. For example a car engine. Internal Combustion Engine- engine in which fuel is burned inside the engine in chambers or cylinders. Also a car engine.

Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps All of these machines are considered Heat movers. They move heat and cool air. Refrigerators have a coolant that evaporates when warm so the warm air coming out of a refrigerator is actually the coolant. The coolant is originally a liquid. Air Conditioners are alike but the warm air is brought over the coolant and forced into the air. Heat pumps can be like an air conditioner in the hot weather. And the reverse in winter.