The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Reformation Chapter 5, Section 4

Effects of Protestantism What was the Peace of Augsburg? – 1555 – Allowed worship of either Catholicism or Lutheranism in Germany A rise in Protestantism meant no more Christian unity

The Zwinglian Reformation Ulrich Zwingli – a priest in Zurich – introduced a new form of worship All relics and decorations were removed from churches Replaced mass with prayer, scripture reading Ulrich was killed in battle vs Catholic states in 1531 – John Calvin took over

Calvin and Calvinism John Calvin agreed with Martin Luther in most areas Differed with belief of predestination – God determined in advance who would be saved and who would be condemned Created a powerful religious city in Geneva By mid 1500s, Calvinism replaced Lutheranism as the most important form of Protestantism

The Reformation in England Politics vs Religion King Henry VIII wanted to get an annulment (divorce) from his first wife Thomas Cramer, head of the highest church court in England, said “yes” in May 1533 Act of Supremacy of 1534 made the King head of the Church of England Still followed mostly Catholic teachings

England cont’d Following his death in 1547, 9 year old Edward VI became ruler and the church moved in a more Protestant direction When Mary (Catholic) took over in 1553, she had 300 Protestants burned to death, earning her the nickname “Bloody Mary” England continued to turn Protestant (called Anglican)

The Anabaptists Wanted government out of religion Considered all Christians equals and chose their own minister from the community Baptized as adults not infants – This separated them from Catholics and other Protestants

Roles of Women…Changing? Families are now the center of human life Women are still expected to do two things – Obey the husband – Bear children

The Catholic Response Three important things: Ignatius of Loyola brings together the Jesuits – Spread Catholic message in Germany and eastern Europe Papacy is reformed – Removed themselves from political affairs Council of Trent reformed Roman Catholic guidelines