The Struggle for Educational Opportunity Chapter 5

Schooling opportunities are equal for all American children 1. I agree 2. I disagree

Equal opportunity for all Invisibility of white privilege In terms of dollars over a lifetime, being white is worth…. Deficit theory…culture, social, linguistic background Expectation theory…teachers don’t expect as much Cultural difference theory…the cultural gap between school and home

The reason some students don’t do well in school is because 1. Their homes are deficient 2. They come from a culture which doesn’t value education 3. They lack the values to study hard 4. All of the above 5. None of the above

Out of 30 students nationally 19 are white 17 live with two biological parents 15 live in a single parent family sometime 12 will never complete one year of college 10 born to unmarried parents 10 poor at some time during childhood 5 are African American 4 have no health insurance

Out of 30 students nationally 4 born to a teenage mom 4 speak a language other than English at home 4 will never graduate from high school 3 questioning their sexuality 3 have a disability 2 have difficulty speaking English 1 Asian American 1 Native American Several biracial 1 will be killed by gunfire before age 20

Native Americans Early contact brought missionaries intent on civilizing and Christianizing native people After the Civil War, BIA dominated Indian education…a tool of conquest Over half of 2 million Native Americans do not live on reservations…invisible children of color Vast majority of Native American kids educated in public schools

Black Americans Much of the history of education for Blacks has been one of denial Freedmen’s Bureau…a federal agency post Civil War to provide services, including schooling Plessy v. Ferguson De jure segregation vs. De facto segregation Political gains from World War II

Black Americans Brown v. Board of Education Desegregation…not much for 10 years after, “all deliberate speed” (91% in the South in all Black schools in 1964) Civil Rights Act (1964) Title IV…feds given the right to desegregate Title VI prohibited distribution of federal funds Busing Second-generation segregation

Hispanics Over 40 million in the U.S., 13% of the nation Several sub-groups sharing common language, but differ in many ways Mexican Americans…war with Mexico ( ) Puerto Ricans…1898 acquired from Spain, citizenship in 1917 Cuban Americans…after Castro took power

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Chinese Americans…immigration act of 1882 Filipino Americans…1898 Spanish-American War, annexed the Philippines Asian Indian Americans Japanese Americans Southeast Asian Americans…Vietnam, Laos, Kampuchea/Cambodia

Arab Americans Three million Americans of Arab descent Vast majority are Christian, the majority of the eight million Muslims in U.S. not Arab Confusion between religion and nationality by many Americans

Women and Education: A History of Sexism End of the Civil War, many college and Universities desperate for dollars…women became the source for the money 1895, University of Virginia… “women were often physically unsexed by the strains of study” Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments Backlash, Faludi chronicles the 80s and 90s