Division in America Division in America

1965 By now, most men in the military were draftees – not volunteers More than 1.5 million men drafted for the Vietnam War All males required to register at 18!

College students and men who worked in certain occupations were granted deferments Most who served were working class or poor African Americans were more likely to serve in combat too Many burned their draft cards in protest

Johnson decides not to run again Democratic ticket Eugene McCarthy – Senator for MN who was antiwar Bobby Kennedy – also anti war

Robert Kennedy Robert Kennedy After winning the ticket at the California primary was gunned down. Hubert Humphrey chosen to run – was Johnson’s VP – not too many happy people

Democratic Nat’l Convention As delegates arrived, so did protesters Massive violence – so many against the Democrats and what Johnson did

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Nixon and Humphrey Nixon wins – most people wanted change – republican elected “peace with honor”

Winding Down the War Nixon’s Campaign Promise Nixon’s Campaign Promise WINNING THE PEACE WINNING THE PEACE During the campaign, Nixon claimed to have a "secret plan" to end the war. In the final days of the election, much was riding on the success or failure of the Paris Peace Talks with the North Vietnamese. During the campaign, Nixon claimed to have a "secret plan" to end the war. In the final days of the election, much was riding on the success or failure of the Paris Peace Talks with the North Vietnamese. North Vietnamese North Vietnamese ''Every American wants peace in Viet Nam. The question is what kind of peace. The war must be ended, but in a way that does not encourage aggression and thereby sow the seeds of future wars. ''Every American wants peace in Viet Nam. The question is what kind of peace. The war must be ended, but in a way that does not encourage aggression and thereby sow the seeds of future wars. ''Beyond this, we need a new diplomacy -- one that looks past Viet Nam to the prevention of future wars, and one that enlists other nations more fully in their own defense. ''Beyond this, we need a new diplomacy -- one that looks past Viet Nam to the prevention of future wars, and one that enlists other nations more fully in their own defense. "In Korea, and again in Viet Nam, America furnished most of the money and most of the arms -- and most of the men. "In Korea, and again in Viet Nam, America furnished most of the money and most of the arms -- and most of the men. "America is a big country. But there are only 200 million Americans, and there are more than 2 billion people who live in the free world. We need a new diplomacy that will get other nations with a stake in the defense of peace and freedom to bear their share of the burden. And we need a new diplomacy that will insure that, if the people of a friendly nation again are threatened, we help them fight the war but we don't fight the war for them." "America is a big country. But there are only 200 million Americans, and there are more than 2 billion people who live in the free world. We need a new diplomacy that will get other nations with a stake in the defense of peace and freedom to bear their share of the burden. And we need a new diplomacy that will insure that, if the people of a friendly nation again are threatened, we help them fight the war but we don't fight the war for them."

Cambodian Incursion Nixon secretly widened the war to force the North Vietnamese to negotiate. Nixon secretly widened the war to force the North Vietnamese to negotiate. Secret bombing of North Vietnamese and Cambodian bases in Cambodia Secret bombing of North Vietnamese and Cambodian bases in Cambodia While enlarging the war Nixon also began to withdraw troops. While enlarging the war Nixon also began to withdraw troops.

In 1970, the communists in Cambodia overthrew the leader In 1970, the communists in Cambodia overthrew the leader U.S. and South Vietnamese concerned with Vietcong and North Vietnamese bases located in Cambodia U.S. and South Vietnamese concerned with Vietcong and North Vietnamese bases located in Cambodia President Nixon gave the approval for an April, 30, 1970 attack in Cambodia President Nixon gave the approval for an April, 30, 1970 attack in Cambodia

Anti-War Protests 1969 Anti-War Protests 1969 In the US the Cambodian incursion sparked renewed Anti-War reactions. Demonstrations got louder and stronger. In the US the Cambodian incursion sparked renewed Anti-War reactions. Demonstrations got louder and stronger. Nixon appeals to the “Silent Majority” for support of the war. Nixon appeals to the “Silent Majority” for support of the war.

Kent State May 4, 1970 Kent State May 4, 1970 Protests against the Cambodian Incursion at Kent State University in Ohio caused the Governor to call out the National Guard. A frightened guard unit opened fire at the unarmed protestors killing 4. More that 80 colleges and universities suspended classes.

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Nixon and Vietnamization The plan was to encourage the South Vietnamese to take more responsibility. The plan was to encourage the South Vietnamese to take more responsibility. Hoped that this policy would enable the United States to withdraw gradually from Vietnam. Hoped that this policy would enable the United States to withdraw gradually from Vietnam. July 1969, the 540,000 US troops were to be reduced by 25,000. July 1969, the 540,000 US troops were to be reduced by 25,000.

Ho Chi Minh Trail The US could never slow the flow of supplies to the Ho Chi Minh Trail and this was crucial to keep the Guerrilla war going. The US could never slow the flow of supplies to the Ho Chi Minh Trail and this was crucial to keep the Guerrilla war going.

Vietnam 1970 N Vietnam invades Laos Feb defeated Hmong army N Vietnam invades Laos Feb defeated Hmong army Invades Cambodia Apr. 30 – Invades Cambodia Apr. 30 – 32,000 U.S. troops attack for 2 months - destroy NV supplies 32,000 U.S. troops attack for 2 months - destroy NV supplies set back NV plans for 2 years - a military success but political disaster set back NV plans for 2 years - a military success but political disaster

Fall of Vietnam and Indochina Vietnam Vietnam –Fall of Saigon Apr. 29, Ambassador Graham Martin and 7100 U.S. and SV personnel evacuated Apr. 30, 1975 Cambodia Cambodia –Khmer Rouge Laos Laos –Pathet Lao and Pol Pot

Page 551 Answer numbers Answer numbers 1-2 and and 4-6