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Presentation transcript:

Gestalt Aesthetics مدرسة الجيشتالت للجماليات

Gestalt Psychology مدرسة الجيشتالت الفكرية Introduction & Origins مقدمة و النشأه Ideology & Characteristics الفكر و الخصائص Contributions اسهامات النظريه Criticism 4 نقد فكر الجيشتالت

Introduction & Origins مقدمة و النشأه المانيا – اوائل القرن العشرين علم النفس – التجربة كمنهج بدلا من المنهج التحليلي Max Wertheimer : founder of Gestalt Psychology Franz Bretano : philosophical explanations of visual illusions Erich Jaensch : addressed the problem of depth perception 1 1

Ideology & Characteristics الفكر و الخصائص 2 2 An analytical approach was not applicable to the study of human behavior Favoring a dynamic interpretation of behavior; people respond to environments as entities in an integrated way Studies complex visual phenomena Epistemological Movement in psychology Global, holistic, integrated study of behavior

Ideology & Characteristics الفكر و الخصائص 2 2 Studying perception using separate basic elements is insufficient Emphasizing dynamic and organizational nature of perception Reaction to reductionism “The whole is bigger than the sum of its parts” Human interaction with architectural expression is direct, biological, & independent on prior experience

Contributions اسهامات النظريه 3 3 Applications in architecture & architectural education Study & understand visual perception Deduce principles of organization فهم و دراسة الادراك البصري استنباط قواعد (اسس) التنظيم اسهامات في العمارة و التعليم المعماري

Optical (visual) illusion الخداع البصري Contributions اسهامات النظريه 3 3 Study & understand visual perception فهم و دراسة الادراك البصري

Contributions اسهامات النظريه 3 3 Applications in architecture & architectural education اسهامات في العمارة و التعليم المعماري Design principles in architecture اثرت في قواعد التصميم Elements of Design in architecture اثرت في عناصر التصميم Principles of organization in architecture قواعد التنظيم في العمارة Bauhaus School of Architecture مدرسه الباوهاوس للعماره Architectural Education اثرت في التعليم المعماري

Contributions اسهامات النظريه 3 3 Applications in architecture & architectural education اسهامات في العمارة و التعليم المعماري Groupings in architecture التجميع في العمارة Closure in architecture الانغلاق في العمارة Figure-ground relationship الشكل و الخلفية في العمارة Contextualism in architecture العلاقة بالمحيط في العمارة Principles of organization in architecture قواعد التنظيم في العمارة

Contributions اسهامات النظريه 3 3 Design principles in architecture اثرت في قواعد التصميم Unity Harmony Contrast Rhythm Repetition Gradation Balance Dominance / Emphasis الوحده التجانس التباين الايقاع التكرار التدرج الاتزان السيطره / التأكيد

Contributions اسهامات النظريه 3 3 Elements of Design in architecture اثرت في عناصر التصميم Point النقطة Line الخط Plane المستوي Volume الحجم

Contributions اسهامات النظريه 3 3 Walter Gropius Germany; 14 years; International style; world-wide influence Reflection of European modernism; took up reform ideas Bauhaus School of Architecture مدرسه الباوهاوس للعماره Architectural Education اثرت في التعليم المعماري

Criticism نقد فكر الجيشتالت 4 4 Advantages الايجابيات Disadvantages السلبيات

Criticism نقد فكر الجيشتالت 4 4 Has useful architectural applications Inherent, innate (not learned), biological Organization & patterns are an integral part of perception متأصل في طبيعة الانسان البيولوجية لها تطبيقات مفيدة معماريا Advantages: الايجابيات: التنظيم و النمط متضمن و متأصل في العملية الادراكيه

Criticism نقد فكر الجيشتالت 4 4 Formal aesthetics; geometric qualities Less emphasis on past learning Less emphasis on higher order intellectual processes تقليل شأن و دور التعليم السابق تقليل شأن و دور العمليات العقلية العليا تركز فقط علي الشكل و ليس المعني – قواعد الشكل لغرض الشكل Disadvantages: السلبيات:

Criticism نقد فكر الجيشتالت 4 4 Subjective rather than scientific objective Focuses on 2d shapes, unrealistic Lessens the importance of movement تركيز علي اشكال تنائية الابعاد بعيده عن البيئة الحقيقية تقليل اهمية دور الحركة اثناء الادراك فكر النظرية شخصي و ليس موضوعي علمي Disadvantages (contin.): السلبيات (بقيه):