The Characteristics of Matter

States of Matter Solid: Liquid: Gas: Plasma:

States of Matter Solid: definite volume & shape, hard to compress, dense Liquid: Gas: Plasma:

States of Matter Solid: definite volume & shape, hard to compress, dense Liquid: definite volume, takes shape of container, hard to compress, somewhat dense Gas: Plasma:

States of Matter Solid: definite volume & shape, hard to compress, dense Liquid: definite volume, takes shape of container, hard to compress, somewhat dense Gas: indefinite volume, fills container, easy to compress, not dense Plasma:

States of Matter Solid: definite volume & shape, hard to compress, dense Liquid: definite volume, takes shape of container, hard to compress, somewhat dense Gas: indefinite volume, fills container, easy to compress, not dense Plasma: like gas but ionized (with + or – charge)

Phase Changes (Changes of State) Solid  liquid: Liquid  solid: Liquid  gas: Gas  liquid: Solid  gas: Gas  solid: Gas  plasma: Plasma  gas:

Phase Changes (Changes of State) Solid  liquid: melting Liquid  solid: freezing (solidification) Liquid  gas: boiling (evaporation) Gas  liquid: condensation Solid  gas: sublimation Gas  solid: deposition Gas  plasma: ionization Plasma  gas: recombination

Phase Changes (Changes of State)

Phase Changes in Water Boiling point of water = Melting point of water = Freezing point of water =

Phase Changes in Water Boiling point of water = 373.15K Melting point of water = 273.15K Freezing point of water = 273.15K

Phase Changes in Water Boiling point of water = 373.15K Melting point of water = 273.15K Freezing point of water = 273.15K Notice that these are the same? They are interchangeable

The Kinetic Molecular Theory Particles are always moving The more energy they have, the faster they move Heat is the measure of total kinetic energy Temperature is the average kinetic energy of all the molecules

How Do Thermometers Work? Thermometers measure temperature Filled with alcohol (or mercury) which expand (increase in volume) with energy (heat) Moving particles collide with thermometer, transferring kinetic energy to liquid in thermometer When liquids gain energy, they expand and there is only one direction they can go – up!

How Do Thermometers Work?

The Kinetic Molecular Theory Solid particles: closely packed (dense), low energy and little space to move so they vibrate in place Liquids particles: more space and more energetic so they can flow (slide past each other) Gas particles: lots of space, most energetic and move freely within a container

Homework Read Hebden p.44-52 HW check on p.44 #13 and p.52 #33, 35-41, 44