DENSITY AND LAYERS OF THE EARTH

DO NOW SWBAT identify and explain the layers of the Earth Enter silently Grab materials, folders, notebooks Begin Do Now Write a hypothesis in an if-then-because statement for the following question: 1. If I put a can of Coca Cola and a can of Diet Coca Cola in a bowl of water, which will sink, and which will float? Why?

COMPARE THING 1 AND THING 2 Thing 1Thing 2 Matter/ Space Matter/ Space Less dense More dense

APPLY IT TO REAL LIFE: More sugarLess sugar What makes Coke different from diet Coke?

SO WHAT CAN WE CONCLUDE ABOUT DENSITY? More dense = sinkLess dense = float This demonstrates Archimedes Principle If the amount of liquid displaced by the object is less than the density of the object, then it will sink

LIQUID LAYERS At your desk you have 3 liquids, that you will pour into your clear cup when instructed to.  Water  Oil  Syrup First: make observations about each liquid. THINK-PAIR-SHARE 1.Which liquid will settle on the bottom? Why? 2.Which liquid will settle on the top? Why? 3.Which liquid will settle in the middle? Why?

LIQUID LAYERS THINK-WRITE-PAIR-SHARE 1.What can we claim about each liquid? (which is most dense, least dense, in between) 2.What evidence do you have? (data or observations) 3.What is your reasoning? (scientific principle and explanation)

LAYERS OF THE EARTH 1.Make some observations about the picture of the structure of the Earth. 2.What can we infer about the layers of the Earth?

HOW DID THE FIGURE OUT THE EARTHS LAYERS? 1.Deepest hole on Earth  Kola Superdeep Borehole  12,262 meters (40,230 ft) (1/3 of the crust)  Temperature 180 C (356 F)  Any further and the drill bit wouldn’t work 2. How did scientists figure out there are different layers of the Earth?  Scientists can tell by observing the seismic waves that are recorded all over the surface of the earth from distant earthquakes. The seismic waves are reflected (bounced off) off of layers of different density.  The seismic waves also bend because they slow down or speed up when they enter layers of different density.

CLOSE READ Based on your reading: Create a model of the earth’s layers using different colors 1.Label each layer 2.Label the relative density of each layer 3.Label the size of each layer (in Km) 4.Label the composition of each layer (what are they made of?) 5.Write what important process the layer serves (EX. Crust is where all life lives)

DO NOW SWBAT identify and explain the layers of the Earth Enter silently Grab materials, folders, notebooks Begin Do Now 1.Name the layers of the Earth from least dense to most dense? 2.What two types of plates make up the crust?

THE EARTH IS LIKE OGRES AND ONIONS

CLOSE READ Based on your reading: Create a model of the earth’s layers using different colors 1.Label each layer 2.Label the relative density of each layer 3.Label the size of each layer (in Km) 4.Label the composition of each layer (what are they made of?) Crust- made of two different types of plates (oceanic and continental, and the mantle is one layer but has two parts that do different things) 5. Write what important process the layer serves (EX. Crust is where all life lives)

LITHOSPHERE AND ATHENOSPHERE 1. Lithosphere The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle. 2. Athenosphere The upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which convection is thought to occur

SCIENCE AND RESEARCH SIMPLY PUT If it looks like a duck Walks like a duck Has feathers like a duck Quacks like a duck Flies like a duck Eats like a duck Has organs like a duck Then it’s a duck.

1.Andrija Mohorovicic discovered in 1909 that earthquake waves near the surface moved slower than earthquake waves that passed through the interior of the Earth. He also noticed that the P (primary, first and strongest) waves that passed through the interior of the Earth did not do so in a straight line. These waves were bent or deflected by something. 2.What the scientist knew was that waves of all kinds move faster and straighter through denser, more solid objects. 3.So Mohorovicic came to the conclusion that the outside layer or Crust was made of less dense material (Rock) and the next layer, the Mantle was much denser. This would explain why the earthquake waves moved slower through the crust. 4.So by looking at the seismic waves from earthquakes the scientist learned about the crust and the mantle but they also learned about the outer and inner core. To do this you have to look at a different kind of waves, the S (secondary waves) waves that also get released by an earthquake. These S waves are slower. 5.Beno Gutenberg, a German geologist, believed that the Outer Core must be made of a liquid because the slower S waves could not pass through this layer and in fact "bounced off" and were deflected many degrees off course. In tests, the S waves also bounced off liquids. 6.The fourth layer, the Inner Core, is composed of very, very hot metals (iron and nickel) with pressures so great that the metals do not flow as a liquid, but are forced to vibrate in place like a solid. 7.Earthquake waves that reach this layer move at the greatest speeds because waves move through solids faster than through gases and liquids. This is how we know that there have to be different layers.

EXIT TICKET 1. What are the layers of the Earth? Name in order from least dense to most dense 2. What is the inner and outer core made of? 3. What is the lithosphere?