Presentation for CS490 Other Topics By: Chihwei Hsu By: Chihwei Hsu Date: Nov 17, 2003 Date: Nov 17, 2003 Class: CS490 Class: CS490

Modeling and Simulation Modeling- Modeling- The use of mathematics to describe a situation The use of mathematics to describe a situation or a physical object. Mathematical formulas can or a physical object. Mathematical formulas can be used to manipulate data, to develop be used to manipulate data, to develop business plans and projections, or to evaluate business plans and projections, or to evaluate the impact of proposed changes on a the impact of proposed changes on a company's operations and financial status. company's operations and financial status. Simulation- Simulation- Using a model to perform a process. Using a model to perform a process.

Steps in Simulation

Information Retrieval Information retrieval systems are used to store and query textual data such as documents. They use a simpler data model than database systems. Information retrieval systems are used to store and query textual data such as documents. They use a simpler data model than database systems. Those queries attempt to locate documents. For example put the keyword on search engine. The query that a user has in mind usually cannot be stated precisely. Only offers best match. Those queries attempt to locate documents. For example put the keyword on search engine. The query that a user has in mind usually cannot be stated precisely. Only offers best match.

Artificial Intelligence Definition Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Science which deals with helping machines find solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion. This generally involves borrowing characteristics from human intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a computer friendly way

Artificial Intelligence (cont.) Artificial Intelligence (cont.) Technology Over the past five decades, AI research has mostly been focusing on solving specific problems. Numerous solutions have been devised and improved so efficient and reliable. This explains why the field of Artificial Intelligence is split into many branches, ranging from Pattern Recognition to Artificial Life, including Evolutionary Computation and Planning.

Artificial Intelligence (cont.) Artificial Intelligence (cont.) Languages used in AI LISP LISP PROLOG PROLOG

Computer Graphics OpenGL is the industry’s most widely used, supported and best documented 2D/3D graphics API making it inexpensive & easy to obtain information on implementing OpenGL in hardware and software. OpenGL is the industry’s most widely used, supported and best documented 2D/3D graphics API making it inexpensive & easy to obtain information on implementing OpenGL in hardware and software. OpenGL is a cross-platform standard, and its library can be used on all windows, MacOS, Linux and Unix systems. OpenGL is a cross-platform standard, and its library can be used on all windows, MacOS, Linux and Unix systems.

Databases A database is a structured collection of data. Data can refer to the characteristics of people, things, and events. A database is a structured collection of data. Data can refer to the characteristics of people, things, and events. Database System versus File System Database (advantage) Database System versus File System Database (advantage) –Compactness of the data –Speed of operations –Less drudgery –Currency –Data can be shared –Integrity can be maintained –Security can be applied

Databases (Cont.) File (Disadvantage) Data redundancy Data redundancy Difficulty in accessing data Difficulty in accessing data Data isolation – Because data may be located in different files, and may be difficult to retrieve from files. Data isolation – Because data may be located in different files, and may be difficult to retrieve from files. Integrity problems Integrity problems Security problems Security problems

Databases (Cont.) Databases (Cont.) Data Models Data Models  Entity-Relationship Model  Relational Model The entity-relationship (E-R) data model is a widely used data model, and it provides a convenient graphical representation to view data, relationships and constraints. A relational database is organized as a set of formally-described tables from which data can be accessed or reassembled in many different ways without having to reorganize the database tables.

Databases (Cont.) Databases (Cont.) Example Example Entity-Relationship Model ( E-R Model ) Entity-Relationship Model ( E-R Model ) SALARY PHONE ENAME ESSN Employee ASSIGNED -TO MANAGES MGRS DEPTS MSSN DNAME LOCATION MNAME

Databases (Cont.) Example Relational Model Database Example Relational Model Database Employee : Employee : DEPTS: DEPTS: MGRS: MGRS: ASSIGNED-TO: ASSIGNED-TO: MANAGES: MANAGES: ENAMESALARYPHONEESSN DNAMELOCATION MNAMEMSSN ESSNDNAME DNAMEMSSN

VLSI VLSI – Very Large Scale Integration Refers to those high density electronic integrated circuits. Refers to those high density electronic integrated circuits. How to build circuits on silicon ship? How to build circuits on silicon ship?

Logic Programming Declarative : Declarative : the program specifies a computation by giving the properties of a correct answer. Prolog and LDL are examples of declarative languages; since they emphasize the logical properties of a computation, they are often called logic programming languages. the program specifies a computation by giving the properties of a correct answer. Prolog and LDL are examples of declarative languages; since they emphasize the logical properties of a computation, they are often called logic programming languages.

Logic Programming (cont.) PROLOG - Logic Programming Language Sample Prolog /* Fact */ male(jimmy).male(jack). /* Rule */ father(jimmy,jack). ancestor(jimmy,jack) :- father(jimmy,jack). Which one is correct? Which one is correct? Jimmy is Jack ’ s father Jimmy is Jack ’ s father Jack is Jimmy ’ s father Jack is Jimmy ’ s father

References _abstract.html _abstract.html _abstract.html _abstract.html Tarik Booker from Spring CS490 Tarik Booker from Spring CS490 CS442 notes CS442 notes Silberschatz, Abraham. Database System Concepts (4 th Edition) Silberschatz, Abraham. Database System Concepts (4 th Edition) Luger, George F. Artificial Intelligence (4 th Edition) Luger, George F. Artificial Intelligence (4 th Edition)

Ending Any Question! Any Question!