STRATEGY FOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN PRAGUE Josef Janota – Prague City Hall INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR EMISSIONS REDUCTION INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AT THE CITY OF PRAGUE TERRITORY

PRAGUE STATISTICS Territory: 496 km 2 Inhabitants: 1,2 milion Number of motor vehicles: Altitude: 177 – 400 m above see level 14 automatic air quality monitoring stations

AIR QUALITY DEVELOPMENT IN PRAGUE in 90´s Prague succeeded significantly in decreasing SO 2 and dust concentrations main problem of air quality in Prague were nitrogen oxides, emissions of which were increasing as a result of dramatic traffic growth SO 2 concentrations decreased considerably below the limit values

Development of SO 2 concentrations in AIR QUALITY DEVELOPMENT IN PRAGUE

Development of NO 2 concentrations in AIR QUALITY DEVELOPMENT IN PRAGUE LIMI T

AIR QUALITY IN PRAGUE IN RELATION TO THE NEW LEGISLATION new air quality standards from 2002 with milestones in 2005 and 2010 at least one of air quality standards is exceeded on 76 % of city territory 90 % of Prague inhabitants live there

PRESENT TIME LEVEL OF YEARLY CONCENTRATIONS OF PM 10 IN RELATION TO LIMITS OF

CONCENTRATIONS DEVELOPMENT IN Suspended particles PM 10 (36th highest daily average) NO 2 (yearly average) SO 2 (4th highest daily average) Republic SquareLibušVysočany

Solid fuel share Solid fuel share in the heat consumption Solid fuel share %

total emissions traffic NO x emissions more than 70 % created by traffic motor cars light lorries heavy lorries buses NO x emission share mobile sources small sources middle sources large sources

emission ceiling 14,7 3,3 12,8 Structure of emission balance mobile sources small sources middle sources large sources

AIR QUALITY IN PRAGUE FROM POINT OF VIEW OF THE NEW LEGISLATION in several criteria is the air quality at present time unsatisfied from point of view of number of limits exceeding is Prague worst in Czech republic in recent years concentrations are slightly increasing Without corrective measures will not be possible to meet air quality standards in proper time, especially for PM 10 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Problems are expected also in meeting of some emission ceilings, especially for NO x.

LONG TERM CONCEPTION OF THE AIR PROTECTION IN THE CITY OF PRAGUE elaborated within 2 years, finished in 2002 in 13 working packages was solved more than 200 partial tasks analytic part, conception part detail evaluation of all factors having the influence in the air quality in Prague proposal of strategy for improvement of the present time state and for possible risk prevention conception have became the main basis for programs elaboration

Model calculations of the air quality Benzene – yearly average concentrations PRESENT STATE AND PREDICTION

MOST IMPORTANT POLLUTANTS Suspended particles PM10 - limit value exceeding on great part of territory - significant part of real measured values is created by secondary particles Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (benzo(a)pyren) - limit value exceeding on great part of territory of Prague - most important sources - local heating Nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides - limits exceeding in the centre of the city, on main streets and nearby of cement plant at SW suburb - greatest problems are expected with emission ceiling - important role in tropospheric ozone creation

MOST IMPORTANT GROUPS OF SOURCES Traffic - main influence to air pollution, limited possibility of regulation - complex problem of whole net of communications Small stationary sources -mostly local heating – elimination of solid fuel burning is necessary - volatile organic compounds emissions (household use of paintings and dilutors) Large stationary sources - good possibility of regulation (integrated permissions), limited number

PROGRAMS PREPARATION ACORDING TO THE CZECH AIR PROTECTION ACT long term conception of the air protection at Prague territory detail analysis and long term strategy of the air protection Integrated program of the emission reduction Integrated program for air quality improvement Basic document: Long term conception of the air protection

REGIONAL PROGRAM FOR EMISSIONS REDUCTION REGIONAL PROGRAM FOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT Main aims of the programs: to meet the regional emission ceiling values in 2010 to meet air quality limit values which are exceeded at the present time as soon as possible to exclude the possibility of future exceeding of limit values and ceilings which are not exceeded at present time

MEASURES FOR EMISSIONS REDUCTION AND AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT Proposed 25 measures: 15 for traffic 5 for stationary sources 5 legal and organizational 1.Brief characteristics 2.Substantiation 3.Detail description of measure application 4.Responsibility 5.Term of application 6.Cost estimation 7.Benefit estimation 8.Risks Uniform structure of the measures:

MEASURES FOR EMISSIONS REDUCTION AND AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT 12 SHORT TERM MEASURES 5 MIDDLE TERM MEASURES 8 LONG TERM MESURES MEASURES BY TIME OF APPLICATION

Application: intensification of quality and quantity of mechanical streets cleaning inclusive of tramway belts decreasing of extent of dusty surfaces at the city territory consistent checking of vehicle cleaning during construction DUST REDUCTION IN STREETS AND PUBLIC AREAS MEASURE EXAMPLES

COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT Application: speed-up the construction of new elements of communication system (inner and outer circuit) sequences of streets construction according to its significance for air protection

MEASURE EXAMPLES SUPPORT OF QUALITY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT Application: increasing of transport velocity – separation of tramway lines, special strips for buses support of electric traction (tramway, metro) integration with regional nets of public transport tariffs policy integration with railway traffic quality of information for travellers - terminals, maps support of „park and ride“ parking sites

REDUCTION OF SOURCES AND DESTINATIONS OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT Application: determination of limits of capacity for new construction condition of public transport connection for new construction restrictions for construction in areas with limit values excceding MEASURE EXAMPLES

RESTRICTIONS OF STREET USE FOR HEAVY TRAFFIC Application: intensive checking and drivers information, reduction of exceptions extension of zone with heavy traffic restriction (above 6 tons) extension of the time gap for restriction of vehicles above 3,5 ton ( hour) MEASURE EXAMPLES

PROGRAM OF PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION Application: Giving the actual and wide information for public such as: – air quality and its requirements – necessity of improving measures – preference of public transport – healthy risks connected with solid fuel burning – alternative fuels for motor-cars MEASURE EXAMPLES

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN MUNICIPAL CONTRACTS Application: setting of conditions for all activities with an influence to the air quality only using of vehicles and construction machines with low emission parameters strict measures to dust reduction during construction using low VOC paintings obligatory using of labeled products application of energy saving methods and using of the renewable sources MEASURE EXAMPLES

PRAGUE CITY HALL Rasnovka Prague 1 tel: fax: CONTACT