Chapter 10: Central Asia

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 2 Learning Objectives Identify the geopolitical reasons Central Asia re- emerged as a world region. Describe the environmental dilemmas of arid regions. Examine the ethnic complexity of this region and the impact this has on political stability. Understand the global connections of this region from an economic (e.g., oil) and social perspective.

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 3 Key Concepts Pastoralism Transhumance Loess Alluvial Fans Exclave Lamaism Islamic Fundamentalism Taliban Theocracy

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 4 Setting the Boundaries Re-emerged as a region after the break-up of the Soviet Union; Post 9/11 geography 8 countries form the core of the region; plus the autonomous regions of western China

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 5 Central Asia Figure 10.1

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 6 Figure 10.3 Environmental Issues - Overview Dilemmas of Arid Environments

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 7 Environmental Issues (cont’d) Shrinking/Expanding Lakes Desertification Deforestation Figure 10.2 – Former lakeside of Aral Sea

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 8 The Shrinking Aral Sea Figure

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 9 Physical Setting Figure 10.4

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 10 Physical Landscapes Central Asian Highlands Himalayas Tibetan Plateau Plains and Basins Deserts Caspian and Aral Sea Basins Figure 10.5 – Tibetan Plateau

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 11 Climate Figure 10.6

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 12 Population and Settlement Figure 10.7 Highland vs. Lowland Populations

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 13 Settlement Patterns - Rural Figure 10.8

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 14 Subsistence Agriculture Alluvial Fans Intensive cultivation Loess Deposits Fertile Nomadic Pastoralism Steppes Figures 10.9, 10.10

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 15 Migration Flows in Central Asia Figure Why are there flows of ethnic Han Chinese moving to the western autonomous regions?

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 16 Central Asian Urbanization

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 17 Historic Urban Centers Figure Figure Importance of overland routes

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 18 Imprint on Urban Form “Twin Cities” Indigenous city and Chinese city built in close proximity Chinese city – more geometric Figure 8.21

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 19 The Mongol Empire Figure How could this empire represent a form of cultural coherence for the region?

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 20 Linguistic Diversity Figure 10.14

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 21 Ethnic Diversity in Afghanistan Figure 10.16

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 22 Religious Diversity Islam Tibetan Buddhism Christianity Judaism Zoroastrianism Local ethnic religions Figure Uyghur Mosque Figure Lamaist Monastery

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 23 Geopolitical Framework Figure 10.19

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 24 Communist Rule in Central Asia Figure Chinese in Tibet

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 25 Current Tensions in Central Asia Independence from former Soviet republics Western China Tibet Xinjiang Afghanistan Figures 10.22, 10.23

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 26 Economic Development One of the least prosperous regions

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 27 Oil Development in Central Asia Figure 10.24

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 28 Foreign Direct Investment Figure Importance of Fossil Fuel Reserves

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 29 Social Development

Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 30 Women in Afghanistan Figure Figure Before and After the Taliban