NPS CISREthics1 William Hugh Murray October 10, 2001

NPS CISREthics2 “Wisdom: The ability to recognize the right in novel circumstances.”

NPS CISREthics3 Ethical: 2. being in accordance with the rules or standards for right conduct or practice, esp. the standards of a profession; Example: It was not considered ethical for physicians to advertise.

NPS CISREthics4 Rules and Standards of Right Conduct Tradition Culture Manners Codes, e.g., the Decalog, the Hippocratic Oath Precedent Regulations Laws

NPS CISREthics5 Ethical: 2. being in accordance with the rules or standards for right conduct or practice; orderly or well-behaved

NPS CISREthics6 The Ethical Dilemma A choice of action Not a choice between right and wrong or good and evil Not obvious or of uncertain outcome Greater of goods Lesser of evils

NPS CISREthics7 Dilemma Paradigms Truth versus loyalty Individual versus community Short-term versus long-term Justice versus mercy

NPS CISREthics8 Ethical Frameworks Utilitarianism (John Suart Mill) –Happiness; greatest good for the greatest number. Contractarianism (Locke, Rousseau) –Rights of citizenship Natural Rights –“Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” Pluralism (Moral Duty) (Emmanuel Kant) –Categorical Imperative Reciprocity –The Golden Rule Principalism (Beuachamp, Childress) –Autonomy –Nonmaleficence –Beneficence –Justice

NPS CISREthics9 “Western civilization grounds itself in certain principles, all of them imperfectly applied: democracy free speech an independent judiciary secular government private property and equality before the law. We not only believe these ideals are crucial to us; we also imagine that in local adaptations they can be of use to all of humanity.” -- Robert Fulford

NPS CISREthics10 Ethical Agent: Individual Official of an Institution Decision Maker Authority Policy Maker with some freedom or choice of action and a duty to decide and act. Contrast to stakeholder or constituent.

NPS CISREthics11 Working Group Asserts New Values for Computer Security At the National Conference on Computing and Values the Security Working Group suggested a new set of values for computer security. These values are intended to serve as the ethical foundation and guidance for computer security. The working group proposed four primary values: Computer security should preserve of public confidence and trust in computers; It should enforce fair information practices; It should resist fraud, waste and abuse. Preserve the legitimate interests of the constituents of the system. The working group considered and rejected the inclusion of "national security" and "preservation of public order". Rather it argued that these should be subsumed under the protection of the legitimate interests of the constituents of the system.